All articles starting with R

Raphe mPhibr

Raphe mPhibr is an Indian military drone manufacturer based in Noida, founded by siblings Vikash and Vivek Mishra in 2017; it raised $100 million in June 2025.

Sep 19, 2026

Raphia Decree

The Raphia Decree, also called the Decree of Raphia, is a trilingual Egyptian priestly decree of 217 BC honoring Ptolemy IV after the Battle of Raphia.

Raphia oil field

The Raphia oil field is an operating onshore oil field in Chad's Bongor Basin, operated and 90 percent owned by CNPC and 10 percent by Chad's state oil company.

Raphidioptera (snakeflies) is the smallest order of Neuropterida insects, about 260 species in Raphidiidae and Inocelliidae, defined by an elongate prothorax, long ovipositor, predatory larvae under bark, and a Northern Hemisphere, largely Mesozoic fossil history.

Raphinha

Raphinha (Raphael Dias Belloli), Brazilian forward born 1996 in Porto Alegre, plays for FC Barcelona (number 11, captain) and Brazil. Avaí, Vitória Guimarães, Sporting, Rennes, Leeds, then €58m to Barcelona; 34 goals in 2024/25 under Flick.

Raphon/Raphana

Raphon/Raphana: two ancient Syrian place names, a Maccabean town and a Decapolis city of Pliny, long conflated with the ruin Er-Râfe; Kleb's 2022 study separates them and proposes Ar-Rafi'ah near Bir Qassab.

Oct 21, 2026

Rapid ALkalinization Factor

Rapid ALkalinization Factor (RALF) peptides are cysteine-rich plant peptide hormones that alkalinize the extracellular space, are perceived by CrRLK1L receptors such as FERONIA, and inhibit root growth while regulating reproduction and stress responses.

Oct 22, 2026

Rapid alloy prototyping

Rapid alloy prototyping (RAP) is a combinatorial, high-throughput method for developing bulk metallic alloys, introduced in 2012 by Hauke Springer and Dierk Raabe in Düsseldorf, Germany, testing dozens of alloy compositions in days rather than months.

Rapid amplification of cDNA ends

Rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) is a PCR technique that copies the sequence between a known point in an RNA transcript and its unknown 3' or 5' end.

Rapid application development

Rapid application development (RAD), also called the RAD framework, is a software development methodology favoring speed, iterative prototyping, and user feedback, formalized by James Martin in 1991.

RAPID array

The RAPID array, also known as the RAPID-MOCHA-WBTS array, is a system of ocean moorings across the Atlantic at 26.5°N that has continuously measured the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation since 2004.

Rapid automatized naming

Rapid automatized naming (RAN) is a timed psychometric task in which a person names arrays of familiar symbols, like letters or colors, as fast as possible.

Rapid autopsy

Rapid autopsy, also known as rapid research autopsy or a warm autopsy, is a research procedure that collects tissue within hours of death, mostly to sample metastatic cancer comprehensively.

Rapid Burster

The Rapid Burster (MXB 1730-335) is a neutron star X-ray binary in the globular cluster Liller 1, one of only two sources producing type II X-ray bursts.

Rapid City, South Dakota

Rapid City, South Dakota: largest city of western South Dakota, founded 1876 as Hay Camp by Brennan and Scott; gateway to Mount Rushmore and the Black Hills; hit by the deadly 1972 flash flood; 2020 census population 74,703.

Rapid control prototyping

Rapid control prototyping (RCP) is a model-based design practice that automatically converts control algorithms from simulation tools into code run on real-time hardware, replacing hand coding.

Oct 21, 2026

Rapid cycling

Rapid cycling, a course specifier of bipolar I and II disorder (ICD-11 6A80.5), means at least four manic, hypomanic, or depressive mood episodes within 12 months, associated with poorer treatment response.

Rapid diagnostic test

A rapid diagnostic test, or RDT, for malaria is a point-of-care immunochromatographic strip that detects Plasmodium antigens in finger-prick blood, giving results in about 15 to 30 minutes.

Rapid Diagnostic Tests

Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), also called rapid or point-of-care tests, are easy-to-use tests giving results in about 20-30 minutes from blood, urine, saliva, or nasal samples; used for COVID-19, malaria, HIV, strep, and pregnancy.

Rapid Entire Body Assessment

Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) is an observational ergonomic screening tool that scores a single working posture from 1 to 15 for musculoskeletal disorder risk, published in 2000.

Oct 22, 2026

Rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry

Rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry (REIMS) is an ambient ionization technique that identifies tissue in real time from the smoke of electrosurgery, a method known as the iKnife.

Rapid expansion of supercritical solution

Rapid expansion of supercritical solution (RESS), also called supercritical fluid nucleation, is a particle-fabrication method that expands a supercritical CO2 solution through a nozzle to form fine particles.

Rapid eye movement sleep

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, also called paradoxical sleep, is a sleep state with activated EEG, rapid eye movements, and muscle atonia, discovered by Aserinsky and Kleitman in 1953, generated by a pontine flip-flop switch, and linked to vivid dreaming and REM behavior disorder.