All articles starting with R
22,461 articles
Reactive scattering
Reactive scattering is the branch of collision physics in which colliding molecules exchange atoms, as in A + BC → AB + C, making it the microscopic event underlying every elementary chemical reaction.
Reactive sputter deposition
Reactive sputter deposition, also called reactive sputtering, is a physical vapor deposition method that makes compound films by sputtering a metal target in a reactive gas.
Reactive synthesis
Reactive synthesis is a formal methods technique that automatically constructs a controller, circuit, or transducer from a temporal logic specification, guaranteed correct no matter how its environment behaves.
Reactive transport model
A reactive transport model is a numerical model that couples fluid flow, solute transport, and chemical reactions in porous or fractured subsurface media, applied to CO₂ storage and remediation.
Reactive-ion etching
Reactive-ion etching (RIE) is a dry etching method that combines plasma chemistry with ion bombardment to carve steep-sided, finely dimensioned features into semiconductor wafers during microfabrication.
Reactivity (chemistry)
Chemical reactivity is the tendency of a chemical species to undergo reaction, quantified by the rate constant for a specified elementary reaction under stated conditions.
Reactivity controlled compression ignition
Reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) is a dual-fuel, low-temperature combustion strategy in which gasoline and similar fuels are ignited by injected diesel, giving high efficiency and low emissions.
Reactivity ratio
The reactivity ratio is a parameter in copolymerization kinetics measuring how readily a growing polymer chain end adds its own monomer rather than the comonomer, introduced by Mayo and Lewis in 1944.
Reactivity series
The reactivity series, also called the activity series of metals, is an ordered list ranking metals from most to least reactive, used to predict displacement reactions and extraction methods.
Reactome
Reactome is a free, open-access, peer-reviewed knowledgebase describing human biology as a network of molecular pathways, founded in 2003 and led from the Ontario Institute for Cancer Research.
REACTOR (expert system)
REACTOR was an expert system developed by William R. Nelson at EG&G Idaho to help reactor operators diagnose and treat nuclear accidents, presented in 1982.
Reactor antineutrino anomaly
The reactor antineutrino anomaly is a 6 percent deficit in measured reactor antineutrino rates at short baselines, identified in 2011 against the Huber–Mueller flux prediction.
Reactor containment building
A reactor containment building is the air-tight, usually steel-reinforced concrete structure housing a nuclear reactor, acting as the primary barrier against radioactive release in an accident.
Reactor coolant pump
A reactor coolant pump is the large centrifugal pump that circulates primary coolant through a nuclear reactor core, with shaft seals that limit radioactive water leakage.
Reactor neutrinos
Reactor neutrinos are antineutrinos produced by nuclear reactors, first detected at the Savannah River Plant in 1956; reactor experiments have since measured key neutrino oscillation parameters.
Reactor pressure vessel
The reactor pressure vessel is the thick steel container holding a power reactor's fuel and coolant under high pressure, one of the barriers keeping radioactive material from the environment.
Reactor protection system
A reactor protection system (RPS) is the instrumentation and control system of a nuclear reactor that automatically initiates a rapid shutdown, or scram, when monitored parameters indicate unsafe operating conditions.
Reactor-grade plutonium
Reactor-grade plutonium is plutonium recovered from nuclear fuel irradiated in a power reactor under normal conditions, containing about 24% Pu-240 versus 6% in weapons-grade material.
ReactOS
ReactOS is a free, open-source operating system written from scratch to run Windows applications and drivers. It began in 1996 as FreeWin95 and remains alpha software.
Read disturb
Read disturb is a reliability phenomenon in NAND flash memory in which repeated reads weakly program unread cells, shifting their voltages and causing bit errors.
Read It and Weep
Read It and Weep is a 2006 Disney Channel Original Movie directed by Paul Hoen, starring Kay Panabaker as Jamie Bartlett and her sister Danielle Panabaker as alter ego Is, adapted from Julia DeVillers' novel, premiered July 21, 2006.
Read mapping
Read mapping is the bioinformatics step that aligns short DNA or RNA sequencing reads to a reference genome or transcriptome, with alignments stored in SAM or BAM format.
Read Montague
P. Read Montague is a computational neuroscientist who directs the Center for Human Neuroscience Research at Virginia Tech's Fralin Biomedical Research Institute and pioneered measuring dopamine in the awake human brain.
Read My Lips (2001 film)
Read My Lips (Sur mes lèvres) is Jacques Audiard's 2001 French crime romance starring Emmanuelle Devos and Vincent Cassel, about a hard-of-hearing secretary and an ex-convict trainee; it won three 2002 César Awards.
Read My Lips (Madonna and Feid song)
Read My Lips is a 2026 song by Madonna and Feid. This Latin pop track, from the album Confessions II, is a Eurodance duet about failed love and lies.
Read my lips: no new taxes
"Read my lips: no new taxes", George H. W. Bush's 1988 Republican convention pledge, helped him defeat Dukakis, was broken in the 1990 budget deal, and haunted his 1992 reelection loss.
Read-only memory
Read-only memory (ROM), also called read-only storage, is non-volatile semiconductor storage retaining data without power; its types include mask ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memory.
Read–eval–print loop
A read–eval–print loop (REPL) is an interactive programming environment that repeatedly reads a user's expression, evaluates it in the running program, and prints the result.
Readability
Readability: estimated ease of reading a text, usually via formulas such as Flesch-Kincaid, SMOG, Gunning Fog, Coleman-Liau, and ARI that combine sentence length, word length, and syllable counts into grade-level scores, with known limits on comprehension and cross-formula agreement.
Readability and literary register in Bible translation
Readability and literary register in Bible translation are the two targets shaping how English versions sound: reading level measures decoding skill, and register fits language to its purpose.