All articles starting with R
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Rear of the Year
Rear of the Year was a British award given to celebrities with attractive buttocks, created in 1976 as a jeans promotion and last held in 2019.
Rear Window
Rear Window (1954) is Alfred Hitchcock's mystery thriller starring James Stewart and Grace Kelly, adapted from Cornell Woolrich's "It Had to Be Murder"; shot on one Paramount set, four Oscar nominations, re-released 1983 after rights litigation.
Rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout
The rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout, or RR layout, places a car's engine at or behind the rear axle driving the rear wheels, a design of the Porsche 911 and Volkswagen Beetle.
Rear-inflow jet
A rear-inflow jet (RIJ) is a layer of cool, dry air that enters a mesoscale convective system from the rear, descending toward the leading line of storms.
Rear-ventilated facade
A rear-ventilated facade is an exterior wall with cladding panels held off the structural wall so a ventilated air cavity drains and dries moisture behind them.
Rear-view mirror
A rear-view mirror is a mirror on a motor vehicle that lets the driver see behind without turning around, first used on Ray Harroun's car at the 1911 Indianapolis 500.
Rear-wheel drive
Rear-wheel drive (RWD) is a drivetrain where engine power goes exclusively to the rear wheels, having been the dominant layout for the first half-century of automotive history.
ReArm trial
ReArm (NCT04291573) is a French quadruple-blinded randomized trial at Montpellier and Nimes testing whether anodal HD-tDCS (2 mA, 20 min) added to 3-week virtual reality therapy improves paretic arm recovery in chronic stroke; primary outcome WMFT; status completed, no results posted.
Rearrangements in organic synthesis
Rearrangements in organic synthesis reorganize a preassembled substrate's carbon skeleton through bond migration, cleavage, or formation, converting one ring system into another in a single step, a mainstay of natural product total synthesis.
Reason
Reason, the capacity for reflective, premise-based thought (Latin ratio, French raison, German Vernunft); in philosophy the intellect as source of true knowledge, in psychology consecutive thought; covers theoretical versus practical reason and dual-process versus interactionist theories of reasoning.
Reason (magazine)
Reason is the American libertarian monthly magazine founded in 1968 by Lanny Friedlander, published by the nonprofit Reason Foundation (1978), tagline "free minds and free markets," circulation about 52,000, edited by Katherine Mangu-Ward.
Reasonable doubt
Reasonable doubt: the criminal standard of proof requiring prosecution evidence to leave the fact-finder firmly convinced of guilt. Formulated by 1798, constitutionally required in the U.S. by In re Winship (1970), with disputed theological origins.
Reasonable Doubt (2014 film)
Reasonable Doubt is a 2014 legal thriller directed by Peter Howitt (credited as Peter P. Croudins), written by Peter A. Dowling, starring Dominic Cooper, Samuel L. Jackson, and Gloria Reuben, released January 17, 2014 by Lionsgate, grossing $602,802.
Reasonable Doubt (album)
Reasonable Doubt is Jay-Z's debut studio album, released June 25, 1996 on Roc-A-Fella/Priority/Freeze. Produced by DJ Premier, Ski, and Clark Kent, it peaked at No. 23 on the Billboard 200, popularized mafioso rap, and later entered the Grammy Hall of Fame.
Reasonable Doubt (TV series)
Reasonable Doubt is a 2022 Hulu legal drama, Onyx Collective's first scripted series, created by Raamla Mohamed, starring Emayatzy Corinealdi as LA defense attorney Jax Stewart; four seasons, 36 episodes, distinct from the 2017 ID docuseries.
Reasonable person
The reasonable person is a hypothetical ordinary, prudent adult used as the objective benchmark for negligence in common law, established in Vaughan v. Menlove (1837), adjusted for children and disability, and measured by juries.
Reasonable suspicion
Reasonable suspicion is the Fourth Amendment standard from Terry v. Ohio allowing brief stops and frisks on articulable facts, below probable cause, applied through totality of the circumstances in cases like Wardlow, Glover, and recent immigration rulings.
Reasoning model
A reasoning model, also called a reasoning language model, is a large language model that uses extra test-time compute to reason through a problem in explicit multi-step steps before answering.
Reasoning models
A reasoning model is a large language model trained, typically with reinforcement learning, to deliberate with a chain of thought before answering, beginning with OpenAI's o1 in 2024.
Reasoning reinforcement learning
Reasoning reinforcement learning, usually called RLVR, is a post-training method for large language models that rewards checkable outcomes like correct math answers and passing code tests.
Reasons of the Supreme Court of Canada by Beverley McLachlin
Written judgments authored by Beverley McLachlin during her 1989-2017 tenure on the Supreme Court of Canada, including 18 years as Chief Justice; known for clarity, contextualized judging, co-authorship, and reconciliation and federalism jurisprudence.
Reavers (comics)
The Reavers are Marvel Comics cyborg villains, mutant-hating enemies of the X-Men led by Donald Pierce and Lady Deathstrike, debuting in Uncanny X-Men #229 (1988); known for crucifying Wolverine and appearing in Logan.
ReaxFF
ReaxFF is a reactive force field for molecular dynamics simulations, introduced by van Duin and Goddard in 2001, in which bonds form and break continuously.
Reaxys
Reaxys is a subscription-based chemistry database and research platform owned by Elsevier, launched in 2009, containing over 160 million substances and 69 million reactions searchable by structure or text.
Reb Beach
Reb Beach (Richard Earl Beach Jr., born 1963, Pittsburgh) is an American hard rock guitarist, Winger co-founder, Whitesnake member since 2003, ex-Dokken and Alice Cooper, known for two-handed tapping and Ibanez and Suhr signature guitars.
Reba (TV series)
Reba is an American sitcom (2001–2007, The WB/The CW) starring Reba McEntire as divorced Houston mom Reba Hart; created by Allison M. Gibson, 124 episodes, People's Choice winner, revived on Netflix in 2024.
Reba McEntire
Reba McEntire (Reba Nell McEntire), American country singer, actress, and businesswoman; Grand Ole Opry and Country Music Hall of Fame member with dozens of No. 1 singles, coach on NBC's The Voice and star of Happy's Place.
Reba Meyers
Reba Meyers, Pittsburgh guitarist, vocalist, and songwriter; founding member of Code Orange (two Grammy nominations), first female ESP signature artist (LTD RM-600), solo Clouded World EP (2025), and touring guitarist for Marilyn Manson and Danny Elfman.
Rebadging
Rebadging, also called badge engineering, is the practice of selling an existing vehicle under a second brand name with minimal changes, typically the badges and small trim details such as the grille.
Rebamipide
Rebamipide (OPC-12759, Mucosta) is a quinolinone gastroprotective anti-ulcer drug from Otsuka, launched in Japan in 1990, also approved as 2% ophthalmic suspension for dry eye; it induces prostaglandins and scavenges radicals.