All articles starting with R
22,461 articles
Received view
The received view is a philosophy of science position identifying a scientific theory with an axiomatic linguistic structure, developed by Carnap, Hempel, and other logical empiricists.
Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring
Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) is a self-contained algorithm in a satellite navigation receiver that checks the consistency of redundant pseudorange measurements and warns when integrity fails.
Receiver function
A receiver function is a time series computed from teleseismic seismograms by deconvolution, imaging crustal and upper-mantle discontinuities such as the Moho beneath a seismic station.
Receiver operating characteristic
The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, central to ROC analysis, plots a test's sensitivity against its false-positive rate as the decision threshold varies, with the area under the curve ranking competing tests.
Receivership
Receivership, also called a receiver and manager, is an equitable remedy in which a court appoints a receiver to protect property from waste or mismanagement during litigation.
Recent African origin of modern humans
Recent African origin of modern humans (Out of Africa): Homo sapiens arose in Africa roughly 250,000-350,000 years ago, divergences among African hunter-gatherers reach 300,000 years, and worldwide dispersal occurred around 50,000 years ago with archaic admixture.
Recently, My Sister Is Unusual (最近、妹のようすがちょっとおかしいんだが。)
Recently, My Sister Is Unusual (ImoCho, 最近、妹のようすがちょっとおかしいんだが。) is a Matsuzawa Mari manga serialized in Monthly Dragon Age, collected in 11 volumes (2011-2016), adapted into a January 2014 Project no.9 TV anime and a 2014 R-15 live-action film.
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Turkish president since 2014 and prime minister 2003–2014, founder of the AKP; his 2017 referendum replaced Turkey's parliamentary system with an executive presidency concentrated in his office.
Reception and spread of Maxwell's theory
The reception of Maxwell's electromagnetic theory took about 23 years, ending with Hertz's 1888 experiments, after which Heaviside and Hertz rewrote the equations in modern form.
Reception of international law in national legal systems (comparative models)
Reception of international law is the set of constitutional rules turning treaties and custom into domestically enforceable norms, comparing US self-execution, UK dualism, continental clauses, and mixed systems.
Reception of light novels in the English-speaking world
The reception of light novels in the English-speaking world is how critics, readers, and retailers outside Japan have responded to light novels, a niche that reached BookScan bestseller lists by 2019.
Reception theory
Reception theory (Rezeptionsästhetik), a literary-critical movement of the Constance School founded by Hans Robert Jauss and Wolfgang Iser in late-1960s West Germany, studies how readers' horizons of expectations shape textual meaning, distinct from Anglo-American reader-response criticism.
Receptionist
A receptionist is an office and administrative support worker who greets visitors, answers and routes calls, and schedules appointments at the front desk; healthcare employs 45% of the roughly 1 million US receptionists.
Receptive aphasia
Receptive aphasia, also called Wernicke's or sensory aphasia, is a fluent aphasia with impaired comprehension, naming, and repetition, caused by damage to Wernicke's area in the left temporal lobe, first described by Carl Wernicke in 1874.
Receptor (biochemistry)
Receptor (biochemistry): cell molecules that specifically bind ligands and trigger signal transduction. Covers GPCRs (largest surface-receptor family, ~800 genes), occupancy theory, efficacy, receptor reserve, allostery, desensitization, and drug-target roles.
Receptor antagonist
Receptor antagonist: a ligand that binds a receptor without activating it, blocking agonists. Includes competitive (surmountable, e.g. naloxone, antihistamines) and non-competitive (insurmountable, e.g. phenoxybenzamine) types, plus allosteric antagonists.
Receptor model
A receptor model is a statistical method that estimates pollution source contributions from measured concentrations at a site, working backward from the data rather than from emissions.
Receptor tyrosine kinase
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), including EGFR, insulin receptor, and PDGFR, are cell-surface growth factor receptors with intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity, activated by ligand-induced dimerization and autophosphorylation, and major targets of cancer therapy.
Receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatases
Receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) are cell-surface, single-pass transmembrane enzymes that remove phosphate groups from phosphorylated tyrosines, divided into eight subtypes and including CD45, central to immune signaling.
Recess (album)
Recess is the 2014 debut studio album by American electronic producer Skrillex (Sonny Moore), released March 14 on OWSLA/Big Beat; 11 tracks, 46 minutes, guests include Ragga Twins, Chance the Rapper, and CL; it debuted at No. 4 on the Billboard 200.
Recess (TV series)
Recess, also known as Disney's Recess, is an American animated series about six fourth-grade friends at Third Street Elementary, which ran on ABC from 1997 to 2001.
Recess appointment
Recess appointment: temporary U.S. presidential appointment under Article II, Section 2, Clause 3 made without Senate confirmation during a Senate recess, expiring at the next session's end; limited by NLRB v. Noel Canning (2014) to recesses of at least 10 days without pro forma sessions.
Recess Therapy
Recess Therapy is a viral web series created in 2021 by Julian Shapiro-Barnum, owned by Doing Things Media, interviewing kids ages 2-9 on playgrounds; famous for Corn Kid and 6M+ followers.
Recess: School's Out
Recess: School's Out is a 2001 American animated comedy film based on the Disney series Recess, in which T.J. Detweiler uncovers a plot to abolish summer vacation.
Recessed light
A recessed light, also called a can light, pot light, or downlight, is a light fixture installed fully above the ceiling plane, pioneered commercially in the late 1940s.
Recession
A recession, also called an economic recession, is a significant decline in economic activity across the economy lasting more than a few months, not merely two quarters of falling GDP.
Recession of 1860-1861
The recession of 1860-1861 was a period of economic distress in the United States, beginning with the financial shock of Lincoln's election and Southern secession.
Recession of 1887-1888
The Recession of 1887-1888 was a 13-month contraction in United States business activity, dated March 1887 to April 1888, with no banking panic and railroad earnings still growing.
Recession of 1899-1900
The Recession of 1899-1900 was a short, mild US downturn dated by the NBER from June 1899, with no banking panic or stock market crash.
Recession of 1902-1904
The Recession of 1902-1904 was a 23-month contraction in United States economic activity, dated by the NBER from September 1902 to August 1904 and marked by the 1903 "Rich Man's Panic."