All articles starting with R

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Reeve Collins

Reeve Collins is an entrepreneur best known as co-founder of Tether, issuer of the world's most widely used stablecoin, and its first CEO from 2013 to 2015.

Reeve Kwan Chun-man

Reeve Kwan Chun-man (关俊文) is a Hong Kong entrepreneur who co-founded GoGoVan, now GOGOX, in 2013; the company listed on the Hong Kong stock exchange in 2022.

Reeve Waud

Reeve Waud is an American private equity investor who founded Waud Capital Partners in Chicago in 1993 after working at GTCR and Salomon Brothers, acquiring more than 500 companies.

Reeves Gabrels

Reeves Gabrels, American guitarist, songwriter and producer; David Bowie collaborator 1987-2000 and Tin Machine guitarist, The Cure member since 2012, six solo albums, Reverend signature guitar series.

Reeves's Pheasant

Reeves's Pheasant (白冠长尾雉) is a large, vulnerable pheasant endemic to central and eastern China, best known for the male's extremely long barred tail, the longest of any bird; fewer than 2,000 remain.

Refaat Alareer (رفعت العرعير)

Refaat Alareer (رفعت العرعير, 1979–2023), Palestinian poet and English literature professor at the Islamic University of Gaza, editor of Gaza Writes Back, founder of We Are Not Numbers, killed by an Israeli airstrike on 6 December 2023; his 2011 poem "If I Must Die" went viral worldwide.

Refactor Capital

Refactor Capital is a seed-stage venture capital firm in Burlingame, California, founded by Zal Bilimoria in 2016, investing $1–2 million checks in bio, energy, aerospace, and manufacturing startups.

Refeeding syndrome

Refeeding syndrome, also called realimentation syndrome, is a potentially life-threatening fall in serum phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium within hours to days after feeding resumes in a substantially undernourished person.

Referee

Referee: the match official in association football with full authority to enforce the IFAB Laws of the Game, assisted by assistant referees and the VAR, whose decisions are final; studied for home-team bias.

Referee (association football)

Referee (association football): the match official with full authority to enforce the IFAB Laws of the Game under Law 5, assisted by assistant referees and a VAR for goals, penalties, red cards, and mistaken identity.

Reference

Reference (philosophy of language): the relation by which names, indexicals, and other tokens pick out objects. Covers descriptivism (Frege, Russell), Kripke's causal-historical theory, natural-kind terms, Kaplan's indexicals, and experimental tests of referential intuition.

Reference 57260

Reference 57260 is a double-dial pocket watch by Vacheron Constantin, presented in September 2015 with 57 complications, then the most complicated watch ever built, after eight years of work by three master watchmakers.

Reference class forecasting

Reference class forecasting (RCF) predicts a project's likely cost and duration from the empirical outcomes of similar past projects, correcting optimism bias; the UK mandated it in 2003.

Reference conditions (Water Framework Directive)

Reference conditions under the EU Water Framework Directive are the near-natural values for surface water quality elements, serving as the benchmark for classifying high ecological status.

Reference counting

Reference counting is a garbage collection technique in which each object carries a count of its references and is freed when the count reaches zero.

Reference Daily Intake

The Reference Daily Intake (RDI) is a set of reference values from the US FDA for vitamins, minerals, and protein, used to calculate the % Daily Value on nutrition labels.

Reference data management

Reference data management governs the code lists (ISO 3166 country codes, ISO 4217 currencies, NACE, LEI) that constrain other data; a subset of master data requiring versioning, ownership, and controlled change.

Reference dependence

Reference dependence is the property of preferences in which outcomes are judged as gains and losses from a reference point, central to prospect theory since 1979.

Reference designator

A reference designator (RefDes), often shortened to refdes, is an alphanumeric code such as R23 or C1 that uniquely identifies each component in a schematic, PCB layout, or bill of materials.

Reference electrode

A reference electrode is an electrode that maintains a virtually invariant potential in electrochemical measurements; the saturated calomel and silver/silver chloride electrodes are the most common laboratory types.

Reference material

A reference material (RM) is a material sufficiently homogeneous and stable for a specified measurement use; a certified reference material adds a certificate with property values, uncertainties, and traceability.

Reference ranges for blood tests

Reference ranges for blood tests (reference intervals) are the central 95% of values from healthy populations, defined by CLSI/IFCC EP28-A3c; they vary by laboratory, method, age, and sex, and harmonization efforts seek common intervals.

Reference Re Secession of Quebec

Reference Re Secession of Quebec, [1998] 2 SCR 217, is the Supreme Court of Canada's unanimous advisory opinion holding unilateral Quebec secession illegal but imposing a duty to negotiate after a clear majority on a clear question; basis of the 2000 Clarity Act.

Reference work

Reference work: a book or resource designed to be consulted for specific facts rather than read through, including encyclopedias, dictionaries, handbooks, almanacs, atlases, and bibliographies; typically tertiary, non-circulating, and now largely digital.

Referendary court

The referendary court (sąd referendarski) was a royal dominial court of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth that heard peasants' complaints against starostas and leaseholders, sitting from the 1580s until 1794.

Referendum

Referendum: a direct democracy vote of the electorate on a public policy issue such as a constitutional amendment or draft law; also called a plebiscite. Types include mandatory, optional, binding, consultative, abrogative, and rejective referendums.

Referendums by country

Referendums by country is an overview of how nations use popular votes: some constitutions require them, some let citizens trigger them, and Germany and the United States prohibit them federally.

Referendums in Australia

Referendums in Australia are compulsory national votes required under Section 128 to amend the Constitution, needing a double majority. Of 45 proposals since Federation only 8 passed, none since 1977; the 1967 and 2023 votes frame the record.

Referendums in Germany

Referendums in Germany exist at state (Land) and municipal levels under all 16 Länder constitutions, but the federal Basic Law provides no general nationwide referendum, only an Article 29 territorial Volksentscheid; Weimar-era referendums ended in 1933.

Referendums in the United Kingdom

Referendums in the United Kingdom are public votes on a single issue, authorised by specific Acts of Parliament under PPERA 2000 and run by the Electoral Commission; only three UK-wide votes have been held, in 1975, 2011, and 2016.