All articles starting with R
22,461 articles
Research
Research: systematic investigation producing new knowledge, organized through academies and learned societies (Royal Society 1660, Académie des sciences 1666), funded by states, and communicated via journals, peer review, and open access publishing.
Research & Analysis Wing (अनुसंधान और विश्लेषण विंग)
Research and Analysis Wing (अनुसंधान और विश्लेषण विंग), or RAW/R&AW: India's external intelligence agency, founded 21 September 1968 under Indira Gandhi by R. N. Kao after 1962 and 1965 war intelligence failures; reports to the Prime Minister via the Cabinet Secretariat, has no statute or parliamentary oversight, and is known for 1971 Bangladesh and 1975 Sikkim operations.
Research and development
Research and development (R&D) is systematic, uncertain work to increase knowledge and devise new applications, defined by the OECD's Frascati Manual and worth about $3.8 trillion globally in 2024.
Research and development accounting
Research and development accounting determines whether R&D spending is expensed or capitalized as an intangible asset, with IFRS allowing development-cost capitalization and US GAAP generally expensing it.
Research design
Research design is the overall plan for how a study is structured, conducted, and analyzed to answer a research question, dividing into observational and experimental (interventional) studies.
Research diagnostic criteria
The Research Diagnostic Criteria are explicit, symptom-based criteria for 25 psychiatric disorders, published in 1978 by Spitzer, Endicott, and Robins as the basis for DSM-III.
Research Domain Criteria
The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) is a research framework launched by NIMH in 2009 that classifies psychopathology by dimensions of behavior and neurobiological functioning rather than symptom-based diagnostic categories.
Research fellow
Research fellow: a doctoral-level researcher in a time-limited, research-focused post; also called postdoctoral fellow. Title varies by country, from NIH trainee appointments (8-year cap) to senior UK research-only grades, often fixed-term and grant-funded.
Research in African Literatures
Research in African Literatures is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal publishing research in English on the oral and written literatures of Africa; it was founded in 1970 and is published by Indiana University Press.
Research Institute of Experimental Pathology and Therapy, Academy of Sciences of Abkhazia
Research Institute of Experimental Pathology and Therapy (НИИЭПиТ), also known as the Sukhum monkey nursery, is a primate research institute in Sukhum, Abkhazia, founded 24 August 1927, reorganized 1957, and now the leading institution of the Abkhazian Academy of Sciences.
Research interview
A research interview is a conversation a researcher guides, records, and treats as data to answer a research question, ranging from structured to unstructured formats.
Research programme
A research program, in Imre Lakatos's 1970 methodology of scientific research programs, is a sequence of related theories developed and evaluated as a single unit rather than hypothesis by hypothesis.
Research question
A research question is the clearly stated question that an academic study or paper is designed to answer, determining its scope, method, and the evidence needed; the FINER criteria judge a good one.
Research report
Research report is the Health Effects Institute's serial (ISSN 1041-5505, since 1985) publishing HEI-funded air pollution studies, each with an Investigators' Report, independent Review Committee Commentary, and a plain-language Statement.
Research Society of International Law
Research Society of International Law (RSIL), Pakistani international-law think tank founded 1993 by Ahmer Bilal Soofi, based in Lahore and Islamabad; publishes the peer-reviewed RSIL Law Review and the 2021 FATF compliance report.
Research Square
Research Square is a multidisciplinary preprint platform, owned by Springer Nature, where researchers post manuscripts ahead of journal peer review, and it powers In Review, a preprint service for participating journals.
Research stations in Antarctica
Research stations in Antarctica are permanently or seasonally staffed scientific facilities built by national programs; as of the 2020s, 30 nations manage more than 70 stations, descended largely from the 1957–58 International Geophysical Year.
Research Triangle
The Research Triangle is a North Carolina region named for Research Triangle Park (founded 1959) and three R1 universities: Duke, NC State, and UNC-Chapel Hill. A 14-county, 2.4-million-resident innovation hub with 7,000+ companies and top US patent rates.
Research Triangle Park
Research Triangle Park (RTP) is a 7,000-acre research park in North Carolina between Raleigh, Durham, and Chapel Hill, founded in 1959 and the largest in the United States.
Research university
Research university: institution whose core mission is original research integrated with doctoral training. Originated in Humboldt's 1810 University of Berlin; US variant began with Johns Hopkins (1876); classified in the US by Carnegie Research Activity Designations.
Research vessel
A research vessel, also called a research ship or oceanographic research ship, is a specialized ship carrying laboratories, sensors, and facilities for oceanographic research at sea.
ResearchGate
ResearchGate is a Berlin-based academic social networking site where researchers share publications, ask and answer research questions, and track metrics, founded in 2008 by physicians Ijad Madisch and Sören Hofmayer.
Réseau de Transport d'Électricité
Réseau de Transport d'Électricité (RTE) is the French transmission system operator that owns and runs the high-voltage electricity grid in mainland France, created in 2000.
Réseau des sports
Réseau des sports (RDS) is a Canadian French-language sports television network in Quebec. Owned by Bell Media, it launched in 1989 and leads French-language sports broadcasting.
Réseau Express Régional
The Réseau Express Régional (RER), or Regional Express Network, is Paris's hybrid express rail system, whose five lines run through the capital underground rather than terminating there.
RESECT-RGO trial
RESECT-RGO (NCT03357809), Endoscopic Resection in Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease, a French trial of endoscopic resection for GERD sponsored by Hospital St. Joseph, Marseille; suspended for lack of efficacy and poor tolerance, with no results posted.
Resection arthroplasty
Resection arthroplasty is an orthopedic operation that removes damaged joint surfaces or a prosthesis without replacing them, mainly to eradicate infection; the hip form is the Girdlestone procedure.
Reseda
Reseda (mignonette genus, Resedaceae), about 65 Old World species centered on the Mediterranean; includes weld (R. luteola), the historic luteolin yellow dye plant, and fragrant R. odorata.
Reseda, Los Angeles
Reseda is a San Fernando Valley neighborhood in Los Angeles, founded 1912 as Marian and renamed Reseda around 1920 after the dye plant Reseda odorata; about 66,000 residents, G Line transit, postwar tracts.
Resedaceae
Resedaceae, the mignonette family (type genus Reseda), is a small Brassicales family of herbs and shrubs producing glucosinolates, centered on the Mediterranean, with 6 traditional genera and about 60 species, 11 genera in modern circumscriptions.