All articles starting with R
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Retrato do Brasil
Retrato do Brasil is a 1928 interpretive essay on Brazil by Paulo Prado, diagnosing the nation's sadness as rooted in the lust and greed of its colonizers.
Retreat of glaciers since 1850
Retreat of glaciers since 1850: the near-global shrinkage of mountain glaciers from their Little Ice Age maximum around 1850, accelerating since 1990, with 6,542 Gt of mass lost 2000–2023 and attribution to human-caused warming.
Retreat of Taharqa to Kush
The retreat of Taharqa to Kush was the Kushite pharaoh Taharqa's withdrawal from Egypt to Napata after defeat by Ashurbanipal's Assyrians in 667 BC, ending Kushite rule in Egypt.
Retreat of the Republic of China government to Taiwan
The retreat of the Republic of China government to Taiwan (国府迁台) moved the Nationalist government and about a million people from mainland China to Taiwan in 1949.
Retreating Figure
Retreating Figure (Beiying, 背影) is a 1925 prose essay by Zhu Ziqing recalling his father's laborious climb across railway tracks to buy oranges at Nanjing's Pukou station.
Retreatment
Retreatment is the administration of a second course of care for an existing condition, either repeating the original agent or procedure or adding a different intervention.
Retrenchment and Austerity of 1988–1991
The Retrenchment and Austerity of 1988–1991, known in Chinese as governance and rectification (治理整顿), was a Chinese austerity program that curbed inflation and fixed-asset investment through administrative controls.
Retribution (2023 film)
Retribution is a 2023 action thriller directed by Nimród Antal and starring Liam Neeson as a Berlin banker forced by a phone call to complete tasks while a bomb is under his car.
Retributive justice
Retributive justice, or retributivism, is a punishment theory holding that wrongdoers deserve proportionate punishment and that inflicting it is intrinsically good; associated with Kant and Hegel, distinguished from revenge, and opposed to consequentialist deterrence theories.
Retrievability
Retrievability is the ability in principle to recover radioactive waste or entire waste packages emplaced in a geological disposal repository; technically practicable for hundreds of years, and a legal requirement in some countries.
Retrieval head
A retrieval head is an attention head in a transformer language model that retrieves relevant information from long input contexts; the concept was introduced in 2024.
Retrieval of early ER protein Rer1
RER1 (Rer1p, Retrieval to ER protein 1) is a four-transmembrane-domain sorting receptor of the cis-Golgi/ERGIC that retrieves escaped ER membrane proteins via transmembrane-domain signals, using COPI; cargoes include Sec12p and unassembled γ-secretase subunits, linking it to Alzheimer's disease.
Retrieval practice
Retrieval practice, known in research as the testing effect, is a learning technique in which actively recalling material strengthens long-term retention more than an equal amount of rereading.
Retrieval-augmented generation
Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a method for grounding text-generation systems in documents fetched from an external index, introduced in 2020 by Patrick Lewis and colleagues at Facebook AI Research.
Retrieval-based Voice Conversion
Retrieval-based Voice Conversion (RVC) is an open-source voice conversion method, released in 2023, that converts audio into a target speaker's voice while preserving the words spoken.
Retriever
Retriever: a gundog type bred to retrieve game undamaged with a soft mouth; six AKC Sporting Group breeds (Chesapeake Bay, Curly-Coated, Flat-Coated, Golden, Labrador, Nova Scotia Duck Tolling), also widely used as guide, detection, and service dogs.
RETRO (DeepMind model)
RETRO, short for Retrieval-Enhanced Transformer, is a language model developed by DeepMind, introduced in 2021, that conditions predictions on text retrieved from a corpus of up to 2 trillion tokens.
Retro (ரெட்ரோ) (film)
Retro (ரெட்ரோ) is a 2025 Tamil romantic action film directed by Karthik Subbaraj, starring Suriya and Pooja Hegde, released 1 May 2025; it set Suriya's Tamil Nadu opening record (₹17.75 crore) and streamed on Netflix from June 2025.
Retro park
Retro park (Ретро-парк): nostalgic-themed public or amusement parks; flagship is Retro Park in Atyrau, Kazakhstan, opened 2017 by Tengizchevroil in 1950s neoclassical style on the Ural River, now slated for 564 million tenge reconstruction.
Retro Rewind
Retro Rewind - Video Store Simulator: 2026 Steam management sim by two-person Canadian studio Blood Pact Studios; run an early-90s VHS rental store; 100,000 copies in 5 days, 95% positive. Also a Mario Kart Wii mod and a Rugrats collection name.
Retro Studios
Retro Studios, Inc. is an American video game developer based in Austin, Texas, founded in 1998 and wholly owned by Nintendo since 2002, best known for Metroid Prime.
Retro style
Retro style: deliberate revival of earlier, especially mid-20th-century, design and fashion forms reworked for the present; coined by London designers in 1970s fashion; distinct from vintage originals.
Retro-Diels–Alder reaction
The retro-Diels–Alder reaction reverses the Diels–Alder cycloaddition, fragmenting a cycloadduct into its diene and dienophile; chemists use it to unmask dienes and form aromatic rings.
Retroactive continuity
Retroactive continuity, or retcon, is the later revision of established facts in serial fiction, coined by Roy Thomas in All-Star Squadron (1983) and common in comics, soap operas, and film franchises.
RetroArch
RetroArch is a free, open-source frontend for emulators, game engines, and media players, developed by the Libretro project. It runs over 200 libretro cores on desktop, mobile, and consoles.
Retrocausality
Retrocausality, or backward causation, is the idea that an effect can temporally precede its cause. Known from the Dummett–Flew debate, Black's bilking argument, and retrocausal interpretations of quantum mechanics such as the transactional interpretation.
Retrocession of Taiwan (台湾光复)
Retrocession of Taiwan (台湾光复): the 25 October 1945 transfer of Taiwan from Japanese rule to Republic of China administration, when Chen Yi accepted the Japanese surrender in Taipei; its legal status and commemoration remain contested.
Retrofuturism
Retrofuturism is an aesthetic and creative movement engaging with past visions of the future, dated to the late 1970s-1980s; term coined by Lloyd Dunn in 1983; related to steampunk, raygun Gothic, dieselpunk, atompunk.
Retrograde amnesia
Retrograde amnesia is loss of memories formed before the causative event, unlike anterograde amnesia. Key features: Ribot's law temporal gradient, medial temporal lobe damage, consolidation versus retrieval theories, and functional (dissociative) forms.
Retrograde analysis
Retrograde analysis: chess problem genre deducing a position's past (last move, captures, castling or en passant rights); conventions RS, AP, PRA; proof games; PSPACE-complete on n x n boards; also the backward algorithm behind endgame tablebases.