All articles starting with R
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Ring chromosome 10 syndrome
Ring chromosome 10 syndrome (r(10)) is an extremely rare chromosomal disorder from de novo breakage and fusion of chromosome 10, causing deletions; about 20 reported cases show ID/DD, microcephaly, growth retardation, strabismus, and genitourinary malformations.
Ring chromosome 11 syndrome
Ring chromosome 11 syndrome (r(11) syndrome) is a rare chromosomal disorder in which chromosome 11 forms a ring, causing short stature, microcephaly, and intellectual disability.
Ring chromosome 12 syndrome
Ring chromosome 12 syndrome (Ring 12, ORPHA:1439) is an ultra-rare chromosomal disorder, about ten reported cases, caused by a ring chromosome 12 with terminal deletions, causing growth retardation, developmental delay, microcephaly, and facial dysmorphism.
Ring chromosome 13 syndrome
Ring chromosome 13 syndrome (ring 13, r(13)) is a rare chromosomal anomaly, about 1 in 58,000 live births, in which chromosome 13 ends fuse into a ring with terminal gene loss, causing variable growth retardation, intellectual disability, microcephaly, and dysmorphism, usually sporadic and mosaic.
Ring chromosome 15 syndrome
Ring chromosome 15 syndrome (ring 15, r(15)) is a rare chromosomal disorder from deletion of 15q and ring formation, causing growth retardation, short stature, intellectual disability, dysmorphism, and skin pigment spots; prevalence under 1 in 1,000,000.
Ring chromosome 16 syndrome
Ring chromosome 16 syndrome (Ring 16, r(16)) is an ultra-rare chromosomal disorder with fewer than 10 reported cases, caused by a ring-shaped chromosome 16, featuring growth and developmental delay, intellectual disability, microcephaly, and craniofacial dysmorphism.
Ring chromosome 17 syndrome
Ring chromosome 17 syndrome (Ring 17, ORPHA:1441) is an ultra-rare chromosomal anomaly, under 1 in 1,000,000, where chromosome 17 forms a circle; severity depends on whether the Miller-Dieker critical region on 17p13.3 is deleted.
Ring chromosome 18 syndrome
Ring chromosome 18 syndrome (Ring 18) is a rare chromosomal disorder where chromosome 18's ends fuse into a ring, deleting genetic material from one or both arms; features overlap 18p- and distal 18q- syndromes, occurring in about 1 in 300,000 births.
Ring chromosome 19 syndrome
Ring chromosome 19 syndrome (Ring 19, ORPHA:1443) is a rare chromosomal anomaly, under 1 in 1,000,000, with variable phenotype from normal to profound intellectual disability, developmental delay, dysmorphism, and autistic-like mannerisms.
Ring chromosome 2 syndrome
Ring chromosome 2 syndrome (ring 2, ORPHA:96171) is an extremely rare chromosomal disorder where chromosome 2's ends fuse into a ring, causing growth retardation, microcephaly, hypotonia, and developmental delay; fewer than 1 in 1,000,000, usually sporadic.
Ring chromosome 20 syndrome
Ring chromosome 20 syndrome (r(20), Ring 20) is a rare chromosomal disorder causing childhood-onset drug-resistant epilepsy, non-convulsive status epilepticus, cognitive decline, and behavioral problems, diagnosed only by karyotype.
Ring chromosome 21 syndrome
Ring chromosome 21 syndrome (r(21), ring 21) is a rare autosomal chromosomal disorder from ring formation of chromosome 21, causing variable growth retardation, epilepsy, microcephaly, intellectual disability, or a normal phenotype.
Ring chromosome 22 syndrome
Ring chromosome 22 syndrome (r(22), Ring 22) is a rare chromosomal disorder, prevalence under 1 in 1,000,000, in which chromosome 22 forms a ring with lost tips; it causes developmental delay, hypotonia, microcephaly, severe speech delay, and can cause Phelan-McDermid syndrome via SHANK3 loss.
Ring chromosome 3 syndrome
Ring chromosome 3 syndrome, also called ring 3, is a rare chromosomal anomaly in which one copy of chromosome 3 forms a ring, causing growth restriction, developmental delay, and intellectual disability.
Ring chromosome 4 syndrome
Ring chromosome 4 syndrome (r(4)) is a rare chromosomal disorder from fusion of broken chromosome 4 ends, causing growth retardation, microcephaly, intellectual disability, and dysmorphic features; fewer than 50 cases reported since 1969.
Ring chromosome 5 syndrome
Ring chromosome 5 syndrome (ring 5), a rare chromosomal anomaly from a circular chromosome 5, causing mewing cry, developmental delay, short stature, heart and skeletal defects; ORPHA 251043.
Ring chromosome 6 syndrome
Ring chromosome 6 syndrome (ring 6, ORPHA:1448) is a rare chromosomal disorder, under 1 in 1,000,000, caused by a ring chromosome 6, with growth failure, intellectual disability, microcephaly, and craniofacial dysmorphism.
Ring chromosome 7 syndrome
Ring chromosome 7 syndrome is a rare chromosomal disorder in which one chromosome 7 forms a ring, causing growth failure, intellectual disability, microcephaly, and skin lesions.
Ring chromosome 8 syndrome
Ring chromosome 8 syndrome (r(8) syndrome, Ring 8) is a rare chromosomal anomaly involving ring formations of chromosome 8, with prevalence under 1 in 1,000,000, phenotype ranging from near-normal to growth and intellectual disability overlapping mosaic trisomy 8.
Ring chromosome Y syndrome
Ring chromosome Y syndrome (r(Y), ORPHA:261529) is a rare Y-chromosome structural anomaly, usually mosaic 45,X/46,X,r(Y), causing short stature, gonadal failure, genital anomalies, and azoospermia or oligozoospermia.
Ring circuit
A ring circuit, formally a ring final circuit, is a looped electrical circuit feeding each socket from two directions, standard in UK homes since 1950.
Ring current
The ring current is an electrical current of energetic ions and electrons encircling Earth in the inner magnetosphere, flowing westward and weakening the surface magnetic field during geomagnetic storms.
Ring dermoid of cornea
Ring dermoid of cornea (ring dermoid syndrome, OMIM 180550, ORPHA:91481) is a rare autosomal dominant condition of bilateral annular limbal dermoids extending onto cornea and conjunctiva, linked to PITX2 mutations, with fewer than 30 reported cases and no extraocular anomalies.
Ring Ding Dong (music)
"Ring Ding Dong" is a 2009 song by South Korean boy group SHINee, known for its addictive chanted hook and nickname, the "CSAT banned song."
Ring Energy
Ring Energy, Inc. is an American oil and gas exploration and production company developing conventional Permian Basin assets in West Texas and Southeast New Mexico.
Ring expansion reaction
A ring expansion reaction inserts a carbon, nitrogen, or small fragment into a cyclic compound's ring, the standard route to hard-to-make medium rings and macrocycles.
Ring finger
Ring finger: the fourth digit of the human hand, between the middle and little fingers, served by the fourth metacarpal and ulnar artery; known for limited independent movement, grip contribution, and 2D:4D ratio research.
RING finger domain-containing protein
RING finger domain-containing proteins carry the Really Interesting New Gene zinc-binding motif, a 40-60 residue domain binding two zinc atoms; they act mainly as E3 ubiquitin ligases, with 340 validated human RNF members linked to cancer, immunity, and neuropsychiatric disease.
Ring Fit Adventure
Ring Fit Adventure (リングフィット アドベンチャー) is Nintendo's 2019 Switch fitness RPG using the Ring-Con and Leg Strap accessories; 15 million copies sold by March 2023, playable on Switch 2 only with original Joy-Con.
Ring flip
A ring flip, also called a chair flip or ring inversion, interconverts the two chair conformations of cyclohexane by rotation around single bonds, swapping axial and equatorial positions.