All articles starting with R
22,461 articles
Roman harbor at Carthage
Roman harbor at Carthage: reworked Punic twin basins (rectangular commercial port and circular Cothon military port) on the Gulf of Tunis, refurbished for trade after 44 BC and used into the seventh century AD.
Roman havası
Roman havası is the 9/8 dance music of Turkey's Roma communities, played on davul, zurna, and clarinet, centered in Thrace and performed above all at weddings and street festivities.
Roman historiography
Roman historiography is the historical prose tradition begun by Senator Quintus Fabius Pictor around the end of the 3rd century BC, producing historians like Sallust, Livy, and Tacitus.
Roman Holiday
Roman Holiday (1953) is a William Wyler Paramount romantic comedy starring Gregory Peck and Audrey Hepburn, shot entirely in Rome. Written secretly by blacklisted Dalton Trumbo behind front Ian McLellan Hunter, it won Hepburn a Best Actress Oscar and ten nominations.
Roman House
Roman House, Colliton Park, Dorchester: a 3rd-4th century Roman town house, the only one visible in Britain. Excavated 1937-8; flint walls, tessellated floors, hypocausts; Grade I listed and scheduled.
Roman Hovorka
Roman Hovorka is a Czech-born mathematician and Professor of Metabolic Technology at Cambridge, a world leader in the artificial pancreas whose CamAPS FX app is used by over 27,000 people.
Roman infantry tactics
Roman infantry tactics: deployment, formation, and maneuvers of Roman infantry from the Republic to the fall of the Western Roman Empire, evolving from a Greek-style phalanx to the manipular quincunx legion and the cohort-based Marian and Imperial legions.
Roman Inquisition
Roman Inquisition (Sacred Congregation of the Roman and Universal Inquisition), papal tribunal founded by Paul III in 1542 to prosecute heresy and censor books; became the Holy Office, now the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith.
Roman irrigation in North Africa
Roman irrigation in North Africa was the system of dams, terraces, cisterns, and foggaras that made the arid region a major grain and olive supplier to Rome.
Roman irrigation in Spain
Roman irrigation in Spain comprised dam-fed canals, estate waterworks, and legally organized irrigation communities in Hispania, distinct from urban aqueducts, with channels still functioning today.
Roman irrigation in the Levant
Roman irrigation in the Levant was a set of runoff-harvesting, floodwater-farming, and qanat systems in the Negev, southern Jordan, and Syria, from the first century BCE to the eighth century CE.
Roman Italy
Roman Italy: the Italian peninsula under Roman rule from the Republic's conquests through the empire. Key facts: Social War citizenship settlement (90-89 BC), Augustus's eleven regiones, municipalization, dense road network, and the Gothic War's end in 562.
Roman J. Israel, Esq.
Roman J. Israel, Esq. is a 2017 American legal drama written and directed by Dan Gilroy, starring Denzel Washington as an idealistic Los Angeles defense attorney.
Roman Jackiw
Roman Jackiw (1939–2023) was an American theoretical physicist at MIT known for the Adler–Bell–Jackiw anomaly, theta vacua, and Chern–Simons theory, with constructions like Jackiw–Teitelboim gravity named for him.
Roman Jakobson (Рома́н О́сипович Якобсо́н)
Roman Jakobson (Роман Осипович Якобсон, 1896–1982), Russian-American linguist and literary theorist; co-founder of the Moscow, Prague, and New York linguistic circles; creator of the distinctive-feature theory of phonology and the six-function model of language including the poetic function.
Roman Jerala
Roman Jerala is a Slovenian chemist working in synthetic biology and molecular immunology, known for coiled-coil protein origami, a method for designing protein cages that fold from a single chain.
Roman K. Thomas
Roman K. Thomas, also known as Roman Thomas, is a German physician-scientist in translational genomics who studies lung cancer genome evolution, especially small cell lung cancer.
Roman Kemp
Roman Kemp (born 1993, Los Angeles) is a British radio and TV presenter, son of Martin Kemp and Shirlie Holliman. He hosted Capital Breakfast 2017-2024, finished third on I'm a Celebrity 2019, and made the mental-health documentary Our Silent Emergency.
Roman Kingdom
The Roman Kingdom (753–509 BCE), ruled by the seven traditional kings from Romulus to Tarquinius Superbus, ended when the Republic replaced elective monarchy with consuls and the rex sacrorum.
Roman Kiosk of Naqa
The Roman Kiosk of Naqa is a small temple-like building at Naqa in Sudan, built around the turn of the era under the Kushite rulers Natakamani and Amanitore.
Roman Kondratenko
Roman Isidorovich Kondratenko (Роман Исидорович Кондратенко) was a Russian lieutenant general and military engineer who led Port Arthur's land defense until killed by a Japanese shell in 1904.
Roman Kostomarov
Roman Kostomarov (Роман Сергеевич Костомаров), Russian ice dancer born 1977 in Moscow; 2006 Olympic champion with Tatyana Navka, two-time world and three-time European champion; returned to ice shows after 2023 amputations.
Roman Kozłowski
Roman Kozłowski (1889–1977) was a Polish paleontologist, professor at the University of Warsaw and founder of Polish paleontology, who established graptolites as pterobranchs within the phylum Hemichordata.
Roman L. Znajek
Roman L. Znajek is a physicist at the Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge, who with Roger Blandford proposed the 1977 Blandford–Znajek mechanism for how rotating black holes power relativistic jets.
Roman law
Roman law: the legal system of ancient Rome from the Twelve Tables (c. 450 BC) to Justinian's Corpus Juris Civilis (529–534), basis of continental civil law and a major influence on common law.
Roman lead poisoning theory
Roman lead poisoning theory holds that lead pipes, cookware, and sweetened wine poisoned Roman elites and helped cause the Empire's fall. Nriagu's 1983 paper and Gilfillan's 1965 argument popularized it; geochemical and skeletal evidence shows real exposure but not catastrophic poisoning.
Roman legion
Roman legion (Latin legio): the principal heavy-infantry unit of the Roman army, evolving from a citizen levy into 4,000–6,000-man professional formations; manipular then cohortal organization; 25 legions at Augustus's death, eclipsed by cavalry by late antiquity.
Roman macellum at Aeclanum
Roman macellum (food market) at Aeclanum, Mirabella Eclano, Campania: Hadrianic meat-and-fish market with a circular tholos north/east of the forum, excavated by Onorato in the 1960s and partly reused domestically in late antiquity.
Roman magistrate
Roman magistrate (magistratus): elected or appointed executive official of the Roman state. Ordinary magistrates (consuls, praetors, quaestors, aediles, censors, tribunes) versus extraordinary ones (dictator, interrex); potestas and imperium, cursus honorum, annual tenure, tribunician veto.
Roman mausoleum at Bou Arada
Roman mausoleum at Bou Arada (ancient Aradi), Siliana, Tunisia; recorded in the Atlas archéologique, classified 19 March 1894, within the funerary landscape surveyed by Naïdé Ferchiou.