All articles starting with R
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Romanian Air Force
Romanian Air Force (Forțele Aeriene Române), Romania's air warfare branch and NATO member since 2004; flies F-16s bought from Portugal and Norway, transitioning to F-35, flies Baltic air policing, and has downed Russian drones since 2026.
Romanian alphabet
The Romanian alphabet (Alfabetul limbii române) is the 31-letter Latin alphabet for Romanian, with five diacritic letters ă, â, î, ș, ț; it replaced the Romanian Cyrillic alphabet in 1860 and was reformed in 1993.
Romanian Americans
Romanian Americans, also called American Romanians (români americani), are US residents of Romanian ancestry or birth, numbering about 417,000 by 2020 Census ancestry reports, with major waves in 1895–1920 and after 1989.
Romanian anti-communist resistance movement
The Romanian anti-communist resistance movement was an armed, largely rural partisan struggle against Romania's communist regime, fought from 1944 to 1962 by groups holding out in the mountains.
Romanian Armed Forces
Romanian Armed Forces (Forțele Armate Române): Romania's military under the Ministry of National Defence, comprising Land, Naval, and Air Forces. NATO member since 2004, hosts HQ MND-SE, spends 2.5% of GDP on defense, modernizing with SAFE funds and counter-drone systems.
Romanian campaign (World War I)
The Romanian campaign of World War I, fought from August 1916 to January 1918, saw Romania join the Entente, be defeated, and sign a separate peace.
Romanian colonization of Dobruja
The Romanian colonization of Dobruja was the state-organized settlement of Romanians in Northern Dobruja from 1878 and in Southern Dobruja from 1913, ending with the 1940 Treaty of Craiova.
Romanian Communist Party
Romanian Communist Party (Partidul Comunist Român, PCR), founded 8 May 1921 from the Socialist Party's split, ruled Romania 1945–1989 under Gheorghiu-Dej and Ceaușescu, renamed Romanian Workers' Party 1948–1965, dissolved January 1990.
Romanian corvette Contraamiral Roman
The Contraamiral August Roman (pennant 261) is a light corvette of the Romanian Naval Forces, a former Turkish HISAR-class patrol vessel bought secondhand and commissioned in 2026.
Romanian cuisine
Romanian cuisine, also called bucătăria românească, is a hearty Balkan-Central European cooking tradition: sarmale, mici, mămăligă, ciorbă, shaped by Ottoman, Austro-Hungarian, and Slavic influences, with seasonal preservation and protected products like Salam de Sibiu.
Romanian exile literature
Romanian exile literature: writing produced by Romanian authors abroad or in inner emigration, chiefly 1945-1989 under communist censorship. Key names include Țepeneag, Manea, Ionesco, Cioran; key framework Eva Behring's 1945-1989 periodization.
Romanian famine of 1946–1947
The Romanian famine of 1946–1947 was a mass famine occurring in Romania immediately after the Second World War, driven by war damage, drought, and the forced requisition of grain.
Romanian folktales
Romanian folktales (basme populare românești) are the traditional oral tales of the Romanian people, first systematically collected in the 19th century, with Petre Ispirescu's 1882 collection becoming the standard version.
Romanian Greek Catholic Church
The Romanian Greek Catholic Church, formally the Romanian Church United with Rome, is a Byzantine-rite Eastern Catholic church seated at Blaj, Romania, formed by union with Rome in 1700.
Romanian identity card
The Romanian identity card, or Cartea de identitate, is an electronic card with a security chip issued to Romanian citizens and valid for travel in the EU and Schengen area.
Romanian Land Forces
Romanian Land Forces (Forțele Terestre Române): the ~35,500-strong army branch of NATO member Romania with two division-level commands; legacy TR-85 tanks being replaced by Abrams M1A2 SEP v3 in a two-stage program, host of a French-led NATO Forward Land Forces battlegroup.
Romanian land reform of 1921
The Romanian land reform of 1921 was a set of agrarian laws, with compensation, that redistributed roughly a third of Romania's farmland to about 1.4 million smallholder peasants.
Romanian language
Romanian (limba română), Eastern Romance language with about 24 million native speakers, descended from Latin in the Danubian provinces; official in Romania, written in a Latin alphabet with five diacritics, normed by the Romanian Academy.
Romanian leu
The Romanian leu, also known as the new leu, is the national currency of Romania, subdivided into 100 bani and issued by the National Bank of Romania.
Romanian literary criticism
Romanian literary criticism is the tradition of interpretive and evaluative writing about Romanian literature, founded by Titu Maiorescu's Junimea group in the late nineteenth century.
Romanian Music Awards
The Romanian Music Awards (Premiile Muzicale MTV România) is an annual Romanian pop-music awards gala decided by fan vote, created by MTV Romania in 2005 and revived in 2022.
Romanian name
Romanian personal names: a bipartite system of given name (prenume) plus invariable family name. Fixed hereditary surnames date to the 19th century; -escu is patronymic, -eanu locational; administrative change is governed by Law 119/1996 as amended by Law 105/2022.
Romanian National Party (Transylvania)
The Romanian National Party (Partidul Național Român, PNR), formed in 1881 from two Romanian parties, led Transylvania's Romanian national movement until the 1918 union with Romania.
Romanian occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
The Romanian occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina was the Kingdom of Romania's military control of these regions, from 1918 and again from 1941 until the Soviet reconquest in 1944.
Romanian Orthodox Church
The Romanian Orthodox Church, or Biserica Ortodoxă Română, is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox patriarchate, recognized in 1885 and elevated in 1925, counting about 73% of Romanians as members.
Romanian Rally Championship
Romanian Rally Championship (Campionatul Național de Raliuri, CNR), Romania's national rally series run by FRAS on asphalt and gravel special stages. Eight 2026 rounds from Maramureș to Vâlcea; Simone Tempestini holds 11 titles.
Romanian revolution
The Romanian revolution, or Revoluția română, was a 1989 popular uprising that ended the communist dictatorship of Nicolae Ceaușescu, bringing down the last communist government of Eastern Europe.
Romanian Social Democratic Party
The Romanian Social Democratic Party (Partidul Social-Democrat din România, PSD) was Romania's interwar social-democratic party, led by Constantin Titel Petrescu and absorbed by the Communist Party into the Romanian Workers' Party in 1948.
Romanian War of Independence
Romanian War of Independence (Războiul de Independență, 1877–1878): Romania's war alongside Russia against the Ottoman Empire, proclaimed 9 May 1877 and won at Plevna, Grivița, and Rahova, with independence recognized at the 1878 Congress of Berlin.
Romanian Writers' Union Grand Prize
The Romanian Writers' Union Grand Prize (Marele Premiu) is the grand-prize tier of the literary awards of the Union of Romanian Writers, including the national Opera Omnia prize.