All articles starting with R
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Rough set
A rough set is a mathematical tool for analyzing vague or incomplete data, introduced by Zdzisław Pawlak in 1982 and widely used for feature selection in data mining.
Rough Trade Records
Rough Trade Records: British independent label led by Geoff Travis and Jeannette Lee, founded 1978 from a 1976 Ladbroke Grove record shop; home of The Smiths, The Strokes; part of Beggars Group since 2007.
Rough-skinned newt
Rough-skinned newt (Taricha granulosa), a Pacific coast salamander from California to Alaska containing tetrodotoxin; famous for its coevolutionary arms race with toxin-resistant garter snakes and the unken reflex.
Rougham
Rougham is the name of two villages in East Anglia, England: a Suffolk village near Bury St Edmunds, and a Norfolk parish recorded in the 1086 Domesday Book.
Roughening transition
The roughening transition is a phase transition of a crystal surface, where a smooth, faceted surface at low temperature becomes rough and fluctuating above a characteristic temperature.
Roughing It
Roughing It is Mark Twain's semi-autobiographical 1872 travel book about his years in the American West, including prospecting in Nevada and reporting in Virginia City.
Roughing It in the Bush
Roughing It in the Bush is Susanna Moodie's 1852 autobiographical account of pioneer life in Upper Canada, based on her family's emigration in 1832 and a foundational text of Canadian literature.
Rougned Odor
Rougned Odor (Rougned Roberto Odor, "El Tipo"), Venezuelan second baseman born 1994 in Maracaibo; Texas Rangers 2014-2020, Yankees, Orioles, Padres; career .230 with 178 HR; punched Jose Bautista in 2016.
Rouhollah Zamzameh
Rouhollah Zamzameh, known as Rouhollah Zam (روحالله زم), Iranian dissident journalist and founder of the Telegram channel Amadnews; exiled in France, abducted from Iraq in 2019, executed by Iran on 12 December 2020.
Roujan
Roujan is a commune in Hérault, France, tentatively identified with Medilianum. It is noted for its 1st-century Gallo-Roman sanctuary and the founding of the Cassan priory.
Roujin Z (老人Z)
Roujin Z (老人Z) is a 1991 Japanese animated sci-fi comedy directed by Hiroyuki Kitakubo, written by Katsuhiro Otomo, about a nuclear-powered robotic nursing bed that runs amok with an 87-year-old patient; it won the Mainichi Film Concours Animation Film Award.
Rouleaux
Rouleaux: linear stack-of-coins aggregation of red blood cells caused by reduced zeta potential from elevated plasma proteins (fibrinogen, immunoglobulins); disperses with saline, unlike agglutination; drives ESR and marks myeloma, inflammation.
Roulette
Roulette: casino game betting on where a ball lands on a spinning wheel of 1–36 plus green 0 (and 00). European edge 2.70%, American 5.26%; straight bet pays 35:1.
Roulette Records
Roulette Records, a New York record label founded in 1957 by George Goldner, Joe Kolsky, Morris Levy, and Phil Kahl, scored hits with Buddy Knox and Jimmie Rodgers, acquired Roost, Gone/End, and Jubilee catalogs, and was sold to Rhino and EMI in 1989.
Roulette wheel selection
Roulette wheel selection, also called fitness-proportionate selection, is a selection operator for evolutionary algorithms in which each individual's chance of reproduction equals its fitness divided by the population's total fitness.
Round (music)
Round (music), also called perpetual, infinite, or circle canon: voices sing one melody at the unison or octave, entering in sequence and looping endlessly. Earliest example "Sumer is i-cumen in"; distinct from catch, canon, and fugue.
Round Hill Ventures
Round Hill Ventures is the London-based proptech venture arm of Round Hill Capital, investing in Late Seed to Series B technology companies serving the built environment across Europe.
Round Midnight (film)
'Round Midnight (Autour de minuit) is Bertrand Tavernier's 1986 French-American jazz drama starring saxophonist Dexter Gordon as Dale Turner, inspired by Bud Powell and Francis Paudras; Herbie Hancock's score won an Oscar.
Round rail
A round rail is a linear motion guide in which a ball bushing bearing travels along a hardened cylindrical shaft to carry a load in a straight line.
Round Rock Independent School District
Round Rock Independent School District (Round Rock ISD) is a Texas public school district established in 1913, serving Round Rock and parts of Austin and Cedar Park.
Round Rock, Texas
Round Rock, Texas: Williamson County city 15 miles north of Austin, named for a round rock in Brushy Creek on the Chisholm Trail; founded 1851, population about 143,000, home of Dell.
Round Square
Round Square is a global network of about 270 schools in 50 countries practicing character education around six IDEALS, founded 1966–67 by schools inspired by Kurt Hahn and named after a Gordonstoun building.
Round steak
Round steak is lean beef cut from the round (hind-leg) primal, covering top round (IMPS 1169), bottom round (1170A), eye of round, and sirloin tip steaks. Shear force 9.7 to 11.7 pounds, best cooked moist or low-and-slow, and cooked to 145 degrees F with a 3-minute rest.
Round Table
The Round Table is King Arthur's table in Arthurian legend, first mentioned by Wace in 1155, at which his knights sit so none can claim precedence.
Round Table Conferences (India)
Round Table Conferences (India): three London conferences, 1930-1932, on India's constitutional future; Congress boycotted the first, Gandhi attended the second, and they fed the Government of India Act 1935.
Round Table Pizza
Round Table Pizza is a West Coast pizza franchise founded by Bill Larson in Menlo Park, California, in 1959, known for hand-crafted pizzas with an Arthurian theme.
Round the Decay
Round the Decay is a 2025 American indie folk horror creature feature written and directed by Adam Newman, starring Victoria Mirrer, Damian Maffei, and Rachel Pizzolato as the Wrexsoul, released limited theatrically January 2025 and digitally June 2026.
Round the Twist
Round the Twist: Australian children's comedy series (ACTF, 1990–2000, 52 episodes) adapting Paul Jennings' short stories about the Twist family in a haunted lighthouse at Port Niranda; BBC hit averaging 5 million viewers, recast across four series, later a musical.
Round Valley removals
The Round Valley removals forced Native peoples, including the Konkow, Nomlaki, and Pomo, onto the Round Valley Indian Reservation in Mendocino County, California, from the 1850s to the 1870s.
Round-off error
Round-off error is the difference between an exact mathematical result and its finite-precision computed form; small errors can accumulate, and cancellation is a principal hazard.