All articles starting with R
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Russo-Ukrainian war
Russo-Ukrainian war: conflict between Russia and Ukraine beginning with the 2014 annexation of Crimea and Donbas fighting, escalating with Russia's full-scale invasion on 24 February 2022; marked by attrition warfare, massed drone use, heavy casualties, energy-infrastructure strikes, and shifting Western support.
Russophilia
Russophilia, also known as pro-Russian sentiment, is the holding of positive attitudes or admiration toward Russia, its state, culture, or policies, ranging from cultural affinity to political alignment.
Russula
Russula (brittlegills), Persoon 1796, a genus of 2,000-3,000 ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete fungi in Russulaceae with brittle sphaerocyte flesh, white-to-ochre spore prints, ITS-rpb2 DNA barcoding, and both edible and toxic species.
Russula amoenolens
Russula amoenolens, the Camembert brittlegill, is a brittlegill mushroom described by Henri Romagnesi from France in 1952. Its acrid taste and odor of cooked crustaceans make it inedible.
Russula cyanoxantha
Russula cyanoxantha, the Charcoal Burner, is a common European brittlegill mushroom with a variably purple, green and grey cap, uniquely flexible greasy gills, white spore print, and mild choice-edible flesh under beech and oak.
Russula densifolia
Russula densifolia (Crowded Brittlegill, Fijnplaatrussula), a blackening russula in subgenus Compactae with dense gills, red-then-black bruising flesh, ectomycorrhizal with beech, oak, and lime; edible status disputed, confused with lethal R. subnigricans.
Russula emetica
Russula emetica, the sickener or emetic russula, is a red-capped, white-gilled, brittle Russula (Russulaceae) with burning acrid flesh; poisonous, causing vomiting, mycorrhizal with pines, and historically confused with R. nobilis and R. mairei.
Russula nigricans
Russula nigricans, the blackening brittlegill (basionym Agaricus nigricans Bull. 1785), is an ectomycorrhizal Russulaceae fungus in subgenus Compactae with thick distant gills and flesh that reddens then blackens; lookalikes include R. densifolia, R. adusta, and toxic R. subnigricans.
Russula nobilis
Russula nobilis (Beechwood Sickener, syn. Russula mairei) is a toxic red-capped brittlegill described by Velenovský in 1920, ectomycorrhizal with beech, causing gastrointestinal poisoning if eaten raw.
Russula rosea
Russula rosea Pers. (Rosy Brittlegill, Tegyll Brau Gwridog) is a mild, red-capped brittlegill mushroom described in 1796, synonymous with R. lepida, homonym of Quélélet's 1886 name now R. velutipes, edible, source of the first lectin reported from Russula.
Russula subg. Fragilis
Russula subg. Fragilis is a proposed subgenus of the brittlegill mushrooms, centered on Russula fragilis, a mushroom with brittle flesh and an acrid taste that grows with birch, oak, and pine.
Russula subg. Ingratae
Russula subg. Ingratae, also called Russula sect. Ingratae, is a group of ectomycorrhizal brittlegill mushrooms typed by Russula foetens, defined by foetid odors, acrid flesh, and cream spore prints.
Russula subnigricans (ニセクロハツ)
Russula subnigricans (ニセクロハツ) is a deadly Russulaceae mushroom described by Hongo in 1955; its toxin cycloprop-2-ene carboxylic acid causes fatal rhabdomyolysis, with mortality above 50 percent.
Russula vesca
Russula vesca, the bare-toothed brittlegill or The Flirt, is an edible ectomycorrhizal fungus (Russulaceae) described by Fries in 1836, identified by a cap cuticle retracting from the margin, mild hazelnut taste, white spore print, and oak-beech association.
Russula vinosa
Russula vinosa Lindblad (1901), the darkening brittlegill (vinkremla, vinrød kremle), is an edible ectomycorrhizal brittlegill of moist conifer forests across Eurasia and North America, IUCN Least Concern, with a wine-red cap that browns with age.
Russula virescens
Russula virescens, the green-cracking russula or greencracked brittlegill, is an edible green-capped mushroom with a cracked mosaic cap, found with broadleaf trees in Europe, Asia, and North Africa; DNA studies split off lookalikes R. parvovirescens and R. orientalovirescens.
Russula xerampelina
Russula xerampelina, the crab brittlegill or shrimp russula, is an edible Eurasian brittlegill mushroom recognized by a shellfish odor, ochre-brown bruising, and an ochre spore print; the name covers a Northern Hemisphere species complex.
Russulaceae
Russulaceae, the brittlegill and milkcap family (Russula, Lactarius, Lactifluus, Multifurca), is a basidiomycete fungal family of ectomycorrhizal forest symbionts, split from two traditional genera into four by molecular phylogenetics.
Russulales
Russulales is an order of Agaricomycetes fungi with 12 families, 110 genera, and over 3,500 species, dominated by the gilled ectomycorrhizal mushrooms Russula and Lactarius, and also including polypores, tooth fungi, crusts, coral fungi, and truffle-like forms united by amyloid spores and gloeoplerous hyphae.
Rust
Rust is the reddish-brown corrosion product that forms on iron and its alloys when both oxygen and water are present; chemically it is hydrated iron(III) oxide.
Rust (2024 film)
Rust (2024) is a Joel Souza Western starring Alec Baldwin as outlaw Harland Rust, completed after the 2021 on-set shooting death of cinematographer Halyna Hutchins, released May 2025 to mixed reviews.
Rust (fungus)
Rust fungi (Pucciniales), obligate biotrophic basidiomycete plant pathogens with over 8,000 species; up to five spore stages on one or two hosts; major crop diseases including wheat stem rust Ug99 and coffee leaf rust.
Rust (programming language)
Rust is a systems programming language that enforces memory safety at compile time through ownership, without a garbage collector, and is used in production by Microsoft, Google, and AWS.
Rust (video game)
Rust is Facepunch Studios' multiplayer survival game by Garry Newman: browser alpha 2013, Steam Early Access December 2013, full release 8 February 2018, Double Eleven console edition May 2021, monthly updates, 16M+ PC sales.
Rust and Bone
Rust and Bone (De rouille et d'os), Jacques Audiard's 2012 French-Belgian drama starring Marion Cotillard and Matthias Schoenaerts, adapted from Craig Davidson's stories; Cannes competitor and four-time César winner.
Rust Belt
The Rust Belt, also called the Manufacturing Belt or Steel Belt, is the Great Lakes and upper Ohio Valley industrial region whose manufacturing economy declined from the mid-20th century onward.
Rust Cohle
Rustin "Rust" Cohle is the fictional Louisiana homicide detective played by Matthew McConaughey in True Detective season 1 (2014), created by Nic Pizzolatto; known for pessimist monologues, the "Tax Man" nickname, and "time is a flat circle".
Rust Creek
Rust Creek (2019 US release, produced 2018) is an American survival thriller directed by Jen McGowan, starring Hermione Corfield as a college senior hunted by meth dealers in rural Kentucky; IFC Midnight release, 85% on Rotten Tomatoes.
Rust fungus life cycle
The rust fungus life cycle is the sequence of up to five spore stages, from spermatia to basidiospores, by which rust fungi reproduce, often on two unrelated plant hosts.
Rust in Peace
Rust in Peace is Megadeth's fourth studio album, released September 24, 1990 on Capitol Records, produced by Dave Mustaine and Mike Clink. The first album with Marty Friedman and Nick Menza, it features Holy Wars... The Punishment Due and Hangar 18, was certified Gold, and was nominated for the 1991 Best Metal Performance Grammy.