All articles starting with S
44,216 articles
Spiro Cheriogotis
Spiro Cheriogotis, 109th mayor of Mobile, Alabama since November 3, 2025; former Mobile County District Court judge (2018-2025) who won the 2025 runoff over Barbara Drummond with 51.4%.
Spiro Mounds
Spiro Mounds is a pre-Columbian Native American archaeological site in Le Flore County, Oklahoma, a major Caddoan Mississippian ceremonial center from about AD 850 to 1450.
Spiro-OMeTAD
Spiro-OMeTAD, first described in 1998, is an amorphous organic p-type semiconductor used as the benchmark hole-transporting material in perovskite and solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells, enabling certified devices above 26% efficiency.
Spirobranchus giganteus
Spirobranchus giganteus, the Christmas tree worm (spiral-gilled tubeworm), is a colorful serpulid polychaete symbiotic with reef corals; now restricted by WoRMS to Caribbean specimens after the old circumtropical species was split into complexes.
Spirochaeta
Spirochaeta: free-living, non-pathogenic helical bacteria genus (Ehrenberg 1835, type species S. plicatilis) in Spirochaetaceae, found in sulfide-rich mud and sewage; several species reclassified into Treponema and Sphaerochaeta.
Spirochaete
Spirochaetes (phylum Spirochaetota) are spiral Gram-negative bacteria with periplasmic endoflagella, including the agents of syphilis, Lyme disease, and leptospirosis; taxonomy revised into four orders and five families.
Spirodela
Spirodela (giant duckweed) is a genus of four free-floating aquatic plants in Araceae, Lemnoideae, the most ancestral duckweed genus, used in wastewater phytoremediation and genomics, with Spirodela polyrhiza the type species.
Spirodiclofen
Spirodiclofen (Envidor, BAJ 2740), a tetronic acid acaricide and insecticide, IRAC Group 23 acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor introduced by Bayer in 2003; EU approval expired 2020, resistance documented in citrus mites.
Spirograph
Spirograph: geometric drawing toy invented by Denys Fisher, shown at Nuremberg 1965, US launch by Kenner 1967; draws hypotrochoids and epitrochoids with toothed wheels and rings.
Spirogyra
Spirogyra is a genus of unbranched filamentous freshwater green algae (Zygnemataceae) with spiral ribbon chloroplasts, reproducing by conjugation; 400-plus species, closest algal relatives of land plants, also called pond silk.
Spiroid gear
The Spiroid gear is a skew-axis speed-reduction gear set, invented by Oliver E. Saari at Illinois Tool Works in the 1950s, with a tapered worm pinion meshing a spiral-toothed face gear.
Spiromesifen
Spiromesifen (CAS 283594-90-1, Oberon, Interrupt) is a spirocyclic tetronic acid, IRAC Group 23 insecticide-acaricide inhibiting acetyl CoA carboxylase lipid synthesis, used against mites and whiteflies; EU approval expired 30 September 2023.
Spirometer
Spirometer: device measuring lung air volume and flow, invented and named by John Hutchinson in 1846, who also coined vital capacity. Central to spirometry for diagnosing asthma and COPD, standardized by ATS/ERS since 1979.
Spirometry
Spirometry is a pulmonary function test measuring how much air a person can exhale and how quickly, widely used to diagnose and monitor lung diseases such as COPD.
SPIROMICS study
SPIROMICS (SubPopulations and InteRmediate Outcome Measures In COPD Study), NCT01969344, is an NHLBI-funded US prospective COPD cohort of about 2,981 participants at twelve centers, identifying COPD subpopulations and biomarkers, with SOURCE, AIR, and HF extensions.
Spironolactone
Spironolactone (Aldactone) is a steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist and potassium-sparing diuretic discovered at Searle in the 1950s, launched 1960, used for edema, hypertension, heart failure, and PCOS, with hyperkalemia and gynecomastia as key risks.
Spiroplasma
Spiroplasma: wall-less helical Mollicutes genus (Saglio et al. 1973, type species S. citri) of insect-transmitted plant pathogens and arthropod symbionts, cultivable, motile by kinking, genomes 780-2,220 kbp.
Spirotetramat
Spirotetramat (Movento) is a Bayer systemic ketoenol insecticide, IRAC Group 23 acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor, phloem- and xylem-mobile, controlling sucking pests; EU-approved 2014-2024 with known ACC-mutation resistance in Myzus persicae.
Spirou (magazine)
Spirou (Le Journal de Spirou) is a weekly Franco-Belgian comics magazine published by Dupuis at Marcinelle since 21 April 1938; creator Rob-Vel's bellboy Spirou, the Amis de Spirou club, and series like Lucky Luke, Gaston, and the Smurfs define it.
Spiroxamine
Spiroxamine (KWG 4168) is a spiroketal-amine, SBI Class II (FRAC 5) systemic fungicide controlling powdery mildew in cereals and grapes; EU-approved since 2012, expiry extended to 31 May 2026.
Spiru Haret
Spiru Haret (1851–1912) was a Romanian mathematician, astronomer, and statesman whose education laws of 1898–1910 reformed Romanian schooling; his doctoral work on planetary orbits drew praise from Henri Poincaré.
Spirulina
Spirulina is dried biomass of blue-green cyanobacteria, chiefly Arthrospira platensis, sold as a dietary supplement; it is 65 to 70 percent protein and was historically harvested by the Aztecs.
Spisula solida
Spisula solida, the thick trough shell or solid surf clam (Linnaeus, 1758), a Mactridae bivalve of eastern Atlantic sandy seabeds; thick white shell to 50 mm, suspension feeder, commercially fished in Portugal and Ireland.
Spisula solidissima
Spisula solidissima, the Atlantic surfclam (also hen clam, bar clam, sea clam), is the largest bivalve of the western North Atlantic, from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to Cape Hatteras, supporting a U.S. ITQ-managed fishery with a 3.4-million-bushel quota and a northward, climate-driven range shift.
Spisula subtruncata
Spisula subtruncata, the cut trough shell or cut surfclam, is a marine bivalve in the trough shell family Mactridae, buried in silty or muddy sand from Norway to the Mediterranean.
Spit (2025 film)
Spit (2025) is an Australian comedy-crime film by Jonathan Teplitzky and Chris Nyst, a sequel to Gettin' Square, starring David Wenham as Johnny Spitieri, detained on return to Australia; released 6 March 2025.
Spit (card game)
Spit, also called Speed or Slam, is a two-player simultaneous shedding card game using one 52-card deck split 26 each; players race one-rank-up-or-down cards onto two center piles, slap the smaller pile at round end, and win by shedding all cards.
Spit (landform)
Spit (landform): a sand or gravel ridge attached to the mainland at one end, built by longshore drift; also called barrier spit. Distinguished from tombolos and barrier islands by its free distal end, recurved hooks, and river-mouth breaching cycles.
Spitalfields silk
Spitalfields silk is the silk woven from the late 17th to the 19th century in Spitalfields, northeast of the City of London, largely by French Huguenot refugee weavers.
Spitamenes
Spitamenes (اسپیتامنس) was a Central Asian leader who led the last sustained revolt against Alexander the Great in Sogdiana and Bactria from 329 to 328 BC, and was beheaded in 328 BC.