All articles starting with S
44,216 articles
Spotted salamander
Spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum, Shaw 1802), a mole salamander of eastern North America with two rows of yellow spots, breeding in vernal pools, and hosting the green alga Oophila amblystomatis in its egg masses; IUCN Least Concern.
Spotted skunk
Spotted skunks, genus Spilogale, are small North American skunks known for the handstand defense before spraying. A 2022 genomic study recognizes seven species; the plains spotted skunk is under ESA review.
Spotted Tail
Spotted Tail (Siŋté Glešká) was a Brulé Lakota chief known for diplomacy, who signed the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868 and led his people onto the Rosebud Reservation.
Spotter Network
Spotter Network is an American non-profit online service, introduced in 2006, that connects storm spotters and chasers, feeding their reports and GPS positions to National Weather Service offices.
Spousal liability for debts of the other spouse
Spousal liability for debts of the other spouse covers when a creditor can collect one spouse's debt from the other; marriage alone usually creates no liability.
Spousal privilege
Spousal privilege (marital privilege): evidence-law rule protecting confidential communications between spouses and limiting compelled adverse spousal testimony; reshaped in the US by Trammel v. United States (1980), with exceptions for intra-family crimes.
Spousal support waiver
A spousal support waiver is a clause in a prenuptial, postnuptial, or separation agreement in which a spouse gives up the right to seek alimony after divorce.
Spouse
A spouse is a person's lawfully married husband or wife, a status created by marriage that confers rights and duties and ends with death, divorce, or annulment.
sPower
sPower (FTP Power LLC) is an American independent power producer owning utility-scale solar and wind assets, headquartered in Salt Lake City and acquired by AES and AIMCo in 2017.
SPPI test
The SPPI test is the IFRS 9 test of whether a financial asset's contractual cash flows are solely payments of principal and interest, like a basic loan.
SPQR
SPQR (Senatus Populusque Romanus, "the Senate and the Roman People") is the Latin abbreviation that named the Roman state in antiquity, appeared on inscriptions, coins, and legionary standards, and survives as the emblem of the modern city of Rome.
SPR2015
SPR2015 is SciBrunch Therapeutics' preclinical oral molecular glue KRAS G12D (ON) inhibitor, licensed worldwide to Merck in September 2026 for $400 million upfront ($2.13 billion total), with nanomolar potency and colorectal xenograft activity.
Spraberry
The Spraberry is a Permian oil-producing sandstone and siltstone formation in the Midland Basin of West Texas, first developed in 1949 as a major Permian Basin tight-oil target.
Spraberry Trend
The Spraberry Trend is a giant oil-producing area in the Midland Basin of West Texas, discovered in 1949, holding about 10 billion barrels of oil in place.
Sprachgitter
Sprachgitter ("language grille") is a 1959 German-language poetry collection by Paul Celan, his third book, containing 33 poems including Stimmen, Tenebrae, and Engführung, and marking a turn toward compression.
Sprag clutch
A sprag clutch, also sold as a one-way or freewheel clutch, is a one-way clutch whose tilting sprags transmit torque in one direction and freewheel in the other.
Sprague Grayden
Sprague Grayden (born 1980, Manchester-by-the-Sea, Massachusetts) is an American actress known for Jericho, 24, Sons of Anarchy, and as Kristi Rey in Paranormal Activity 2 and 3; Barnard College graduate, married to Alexis Cassar.
Sprague-Dawley rat
The Sprague-Dawley rat is an outbred albino laboratory rat strain created in 1925 by Robert W. Dawley in Madison, Wisconsin, and widely used in pharmacology and toxicology.
Sprain
Sprain: a stretched or torn ligament at a joint, distinct from a strain (muscle or tendon). Common at the ankle and wrist; graded I to III; treated with rest, cold, compression, and functional rehabilitation.
Sprained ankle
Sprained ankle (ankle sprain): ligament injury from excessive stretching, usually lateral, graded 1-3. Treated with bracing, progressive weight bearing, and balance training; functional treatment and short immobilization show similar patient-reported outcomes.
Sprained Ankle (album)
Sprained Ankle is Julien Baker's debut solo album, released October 23, 2015 on 6131 Records after a 2014 independent digital release. Nine sparse guitar and piano songs about depression, substance abuse, and faith, recorded at Spacebomb Studios.
Sprat
Sprat (Sprattus sprattus, European sprat, brisling) is a small clupeid forage fish of the Northeast Atlantic, Baltic, Mediterranean, and Black Sea; a zooplankton predator, prey for fish, seabirds, and mammals, and a major fishmeal and canned-fish species.
Spratly Islands (南沙群岛)
Spratly Islands (南沙群岛, Nansha Qundao; Truong Sa): coral reef archipelago in the southern South China Sea claimed by China, Taiwan, Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Brunei; a 2016 UNCLOS tribunal ruled no feature generates an EEZ.
Spratly Islands dispute
Spratly Islands dispute: overlapping sovereignty claims by China, Taiwan, Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Brunei over South China Sea reefs; 2016 arbitral ruling rejected China's nine-dash line; marked by island-building and coastguard incidents.
Sprawl (robot)
Sprawl is a family of small, cockroach-inspired hexapedal running robots developed at Stanford University from 1999, achieving fast, stable locomotion over uneven terrain using open-loop control and passive leg compliance.
Sprawl trilogy
The Sprawl trilogy, also called the Neuromancer, Cyberspace, or Matrix trilogy, is William Gibson's first novel sequence: Neuromancer (1984), Count Zero (1986), and Mona Lisa Overdrive (1988), set in the Sprawl and foundational to cyberpunk.
Spray coating
Spray coating is a contact-free surface-treatment method in which an atomizer breaks liquid coating into droplets deposited onto substrates, used for automotive paint, solar cells, and more.
Spray deposition
Spray deposition is a thin-film coating method that atomizes a liquid precursor into droplets and deposits them as a solid film at atmospheric pressure, without vacuum.
Spray drying
Spray drying, patented by Samuel Percy in 1872, converts liquid feeds into dry powder by atomizing droplets into hot gas within seconds; dominant in food (dairy), pharmaceuticals (ASDs, inhalables), and chemicals.
Spray foam
Spray foam, more fully spray polyurethane foam, is a two-component polyurethane insulation applied in attics and wall cavities; closed-cell forms offer about R-6 per inch and act as vapor retarders.