All articles starting with S
44,216 articles
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS, Ritter's disease) is a blistering skin disorder caused by Staphylococcus aureus exfoliative toxins targeting desmoglein-1, mainly affecting children under 5, with low pediatric but about 60% adult mortality.
Staphylococcal scarlet fever
Staphylococcal scarlet fever, a rare S. aureus toxin-mediated illness mimicking streptococcal scarlet fever: flexural scarlatiniform rash, large-flap desquamation, no strawberry tongue or petechiae, mainly children.
Staphylococcus
Staphylococcus: genus of Gram-positive, cluster-forming cocci named by Ogston (1880) for grape-like appearance; includes S. aureus and coagulase-negative species, major causes of skin, device, and hospital infections and MRSA.
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus aureus (staph), a Gram-positive commensal carried by about 30% of people, causes skin infections, sepsis, pneumonia, endocarditis, and osteomyelitis; resistant strains include MRSA, VISA, and VRSA.
Staphylococcus capitis
Staphylococcus capitis, a coagulase-negative staphylococcus and skin commensal first described in 1975, causes neonatal late-onset sepsis in NICUs; its multidrug-resistant NRCS-A clone, first reported in France in 2012, has spread worldwide.
Staphylococcus carnosus
Staphylococcus carnosus, a non-pathogenic coagulase-negative staphylococcus, has been a sausage fermentation starter culture since the 1950s and is now a GRAS cloning and surface display platform.
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus epidermidis, a coagulase-negative Gram-positive skin commensal, is the leading cause of implant-associated infections; its biofilms (PIA, icaADBC) resist antibiotics, and it is a reservoir of resistance genes for S. aureus.
Staphylococcus haemolyticus
Staphylococcus haemolyticus (S. haemolyticus) is a coagulase-negative, Gram-positive skin commensal and major nosocomial pathogen, distinguished by methicillin/multidrug resistance, biofilm formation on devices, and its role as a reservoir of resistance genes.
Staphylococcus hominis
Staphylococcus hominis, a coagulase-negative human skin staphylococcus (Kloos and Schleifer 1975) with two subspecies, hominis and novobiosepticus; the latter is novobiocin-resistant, multidrug-resistant, and a cause of neonatal sepsis.
Staphylococcus intermedius
Staphylococcus intermedius (Hájek 1976) is a coagulase-positive, gram-positive animal bacterium; type strain NCTC 11048. Member of the SIG with S. pseudintermedius and S. delphini; true S. intermedius is pigeon-associated.
Staphylococcus lugdunensis
Staphylococcus lugdunensis is a coagulase-negative staphylococcus described by Freney et al. in 1988, a perineal skin commensal that causes S. aureus-like abscesses and destructive endocarditis, is often misidentified via clumping factor, and usually remains antibiotic-susceptible.
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Staphylococcus saprophyticus, a coagulase-negative staphylococcus named by Fairbrother in 1940, is the second most common cause of uncomplicated urinary tract infection in young women after E. coli, peaking in late summer, with foodborne and endogenous reservoirs and nitrofurantoin as first-line therapy.
Staphyloma
Staphyloma: a circumscribed outpouching of the thin cornea or sclera lined by uveal tissue. Posterior staphyloma is a hallmark of pathologic myopia, classified by Curtin into ten types, with no medical treatment.
Staphyloxanthin
Staphyloxanthin (STX) is the golden-yellow C30 carotenoid antioxidant pigment of Staphylococcus aureus, made by the crtOPQMN operon enzymes CrtM, CrtN, CrtP, CrtQ, and CrtO, and a target of antivirulence inhibitors such as naftifine and clemizole.
Staple food
A staple food, or dietary staple, is a food eaten regularly in quantities that make it the dominant part of a population's diet, such as rice, wheat, maize, or potatoes.
Stapled hemorrhoidopexy
Stapled hemorrhoidopexy, also known as the procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids (PPH), is a surgical procedure that repositions prolapsing internal hemorrhoids with a circular stapler, causing less pain but more recurrence than excisional hemorrhoidectomy.
Stapler
A stapler is a mechanical device that drives a metal staple through paper and bends its legs to hold sheets together; the office stapler emerged from US patents in the 1860s and 1870s.
Staples Inc.
Staples Inc., also known as Staples Incorporated, is an American office-supply superstore chain founded in 1986, now a B2B company owned by Sycamore Partners since 2017.
Stapleton International Airport
Stapleton International Airport, also called Stapleton Airport, served Denver, Colorado as its main airport from 1929 until it closed in 1995, replaced by Denver International Airport.
Stapokibart
Stapokibart (Kangyueda, 康悦达; CM310) is a humanized IgG4 anti-IL-4Rα monoclonal antibody by KeyMed Biosciences, first approved in China in 2024 for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis, later CRSwNP and seasonal allergic rhinitis.
Stapuldencel
Stapuldencel (STAPULDENCEL-T, DCVAC/PCa) is SOTIO's autologous dendritic cell prostate cancer vaccine; its phase 3 VIABLE trial (NCT02111577, 1182 patients) showed no overall survival benefit over placebo with docetaxel.
Star
A star is a dense mass of hot gas that shines through nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium; the Sun, the nearest star, is powered this way.
STaR
STaR (Self-Taught Reasoner) is a 2022 method in which a language model improves its reasoning by fine-tuning on its own chain-of-thought rationales, kept only when they reach correct answers.
Star (2024 film)
Star (ஸ்டார்) is a 2024 Tamil coming-of-age romantic drama written and directed by Elan, starring Kavin as aspiring actor Kalai, with Lal, Aaditi Pohankar, and Preity Mukhundhan; released 10 May 2024, music by Yuvan Shankar Raja, streaming on Prime Video.
Star (classification)
Star (classification): a grading system ranking hotels and other services into one-to-five star categories. Covers official schemes (India's Ministry of Tourism, Hotelstars Union, China's GB/T 14308), self-assigned US stars, MICHELIN Keys, and guest review scores.
Star (Disney+)
Star was the general entertainment brand tile on Disney+ outside the US, launched February 23, 2021, carrying mature content from 21st Century Fox studios; its Latin American sibling Star+ merged into Disney+ in June 2024, and Hulu replaced Star internationally on October 8, 2025.
Star (glyph)
Star (glyph): typographic star symbols, chiefly U+2605 BLACK STAR and asterisk forms; used for footnotes, ratings, the Moroccan flag, the ITU-T E.161 telephony star, and ancient Sumerian dingir.
Star (graph theory)
In graph theory, a star is a tree with one central vertex joined to every other vertex and no other edges, also called a claw, and it models hub-and-spoke networks.
Star (keelboat)
Star (keelboat): two-person one-design racing keelboat designed 1910 by Francis Sweisguth, fin keel with detached rudder; Olympic class 1932–2012 except 1976; governed by ISCYRA since 1922.
Star (TV series)
Star (Lee Daniels' Star) is a Fox musical drama created by Lee Daniels and Tom Donaghy, airing 2016-2019 over three seasons about the Atlanta girl group Take 3, starring Jude Demorest, Ryan Destiny, Brittany O'Grady, and Queen Latifah.