All articles starting with S
44,216 articles
Sub-bottom profiler
A sub-bottom profiler (SBP) is a sonar-based geophysical survey tool that uses low-frequency sound pulses to map the thickness and composition of sediment layers beneath the seafloor.
Sub-bottom profiling
Sub-bottom profiling is a marine acoustic survey method in which sonar pulses transmitted through the seafloor image buried sediment layers, producing a continuous vertical cross-section along a vessel's track.
Sub-inspector
Sub-inspector (SI), a mid-level police rank in South and Southeast Asian forces, between inspector and assistant sub-inspector in India and Bangladesh and the top rank-and-file rank in Malaysia; recruited via state exams with physical tests.
Sub-Nyquist sampling
Sub-Nyquist sampling acquires an analog signal at an average rate below its Nyquist rate and reconstructs it, possible only when the signal has known structure such as sparsity or a multiband spectrum.
Sub-replacement fertility
Sub-replacement fertility is a total fertility rate below the replacement level of about 2.1 births per woman. Over half of all countries, including India, China, and the US, are below it; global TFR was 2.25 in 2024 and is projected near 1.6 by 2100.
Sub-Roman Britain
Sub-Roman Britain is a label for Britannia in the fifth and sixth centuries AD, the period between the end of Roman rule and the emergence of early medieval kingdoms.
Sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa: the African Transition Zone and all regions south of the Sahara, a UN and World Bank statistical grouping of about 48 countries. Key facts: independence in the late 1950s-1960s, 4.5% growth in 2025, 42% urban, top 10% income share 55%.
Sub-Zero (Mortal Kombat)
Sub-Zero, also known as Bi-Han, is an ice-controlling ninja of the Lin Kuei clan in the Mortal Kombat series, present since the first game in 1992; later the name is held by his brother Kuai Liang.
Suba, Bogotá
Suba is the 11th locality of the Capital District of Bogotá, Colombia, in the city's northwest; a Muisca settlement colonial from 1550, it was a Cundinamarca municipality until its annexation to Bogotá in 1954.
Subacromial bursitis
Subacromial bursitis, part of subacromial pain syndrome (impingement, rotator cuff tendinopathy), is inflammation of the subacromial-subdeltoid bursa causing painful arc shoulder pain; treated nonoperatively, steroid injections give short-term relief, surgery shows no benefit.
Subacute Care
Subacute care, also called post-acute care, is skilled medical and nursing care for patients past the acute illness phase but needing more than long-term care, typically one to two therapy hours daily in skilled nursing facilities.
Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord
Subacute combined degeneration (SACD, SCD) is vitamin B12 deficiency myelopathy of the dorsal and lateral spinal cord columns, causing sensory loss and spasticity; increasingly caused by nitrous oxide inactivation of B12.
Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus
Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) is a photosensitive, non-scarring subtype of cutaneous lupus with annular or papulosquamous lesions, strong anti-Ro/SSA association, 20-40% drug-induced cases, and systemic progression risk.
Subacute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Subacute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (SIDP, ORPHA:206594) is a rare immune-mediated neuropathy intermediate between GBS and CIDP, with symmetric weakness and elevated CSF protein peaking over 4 to 8 weeks.
Subacute osteomyelitis
Subacute osteomyelitis, or Brodie's abscess, is a low-grade bone infection with insidious onset, no fever, pain for weeks to months, Staphylococcus aureus most often, and metaphyseal lytic lesions in children.
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), formerly Dawson's disease, is a rare, fatal progressive brain disease caused by persistent defective measles virus infection, appearing 4-10 years after measles, prevented only by vaccination.
Subacute thyroiditis
Subacute (de Quervain) thyroiditis: self-limited, painful, post-viral thyroid inflammation with thyrotoxic then hypothyroid phases, low RAIU, high ESR, and recovery in most patients.
Subak (irrigation)
Subak is Bali's traditional irrigation system, in which about 1,200 associations of rice farmers cooperatively manage canals, weirs, and water temples, a practice documented since the 9th century.
Subal C. Kumbhakar
Subal C. Kumbhakar is an econometrician and SUNY Distinguished Research Professor at Binghamton University, known for stochastic frontier analysis and the widely cited book Stochastic Frontier Analysis.
Subaltern (postcolonialism)
Subaltern, in postcolonialism, denotes people outside the dominant elite; also called subalternity. Defined by Ranajit Guha's Subaltern Studies (1982) and Spivak's 'Can the Subaltern Speak?', it names peasants, workers, and marginalized groups excluded from elite historiography.
Subandhu
Subandhu (सुबन्धु) was an Indian Sanskrit prose writer, probably active between 550 and the early seventh century, whose only known work, the Vasavadatta, deeply influenced later Sanskrit prose style.
Subang Gas Field
The Subang Gas Field is an operating onshore natural gas field in Subang Regency, West Java, Indonesia, owned by PT Pertamina EP and producing dry gas with high carbon dioxide content since 2002.
Subantarctic fur seal
Subantarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus tropicalis), also Amsterdam Island fur seal, a Southern Ocean eared seal breeding on subantarctic islands; about 270,000-360,000 globally (IUCN Least Concern) but Vulnerable in Australia, with only a small recovering Macquarie Island colony.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), bleeding into the subarachnoid space around the brain, usually from a ruptured cerebral aneurysm; presents as thunderclap headache, diagnosed by CT, treated by clipping or coiling.
Subarctic climate
The subarctic climate, also called boreal climate, is a high-latitude continental climate with long, cold winters and one to three months averaging above 10 °C, underlying the boreal forest.
Subarnalata
Subarnalata (সুবর্ণলতা) is a Bengali novel by Ashapurna Devi, published in 1967, the second volume of her trilogy tracing three generations of Bengali women, between Pratham Pratishruti and Bakulkatha.
Subarnarekha
Subarnarekha (সুবর্ণরেখা, The Golden Line) is Ritwik Ghatak's 1965 Bengali film, third of his Partition Trilogy, following refugee siblings Ishwar and Sita; restored in 4K by NFDC-NFAI with Avik Mukhopadhyay for IFFI 2025.
Subaru (スバル)
Subaru (スバル) is the automotive and aerospace brand of Subaru Corporation, a Japanese manufacturer tracing its roots to a 1917 aircraft laboratory and known for its Boxer engines, Symmetrical all-wheel drive, and rally heritage.
Subaru 360 (スバル・360)
The Subaru 360 (スバル・360) was a two-door kei car built by Fuji Heavy Industries from 1958 to 1970, Subaru's first mass-produced car and Japan's first kei car sales success.
Subaru and Subaru
Subaru and Subaru (昴と彗星, Subaru to Subaru) is a 2025 street-racing manga by Shuichi Shigeno, sequel to MF Ghost and Initial D, starring two drivers both named Subaru racing a BRZ and a GR86 in MFG.