All articles starting with S
44,216 articles
Subepithelial mucinous corneal dystrophy
Subepithelial mucinous corneal dystrophy (SMCD) is a rare autosomal dominant corneal disorder, first described in 1993, causing painful recurrent erosions in childhood and progressive corneal clouding in adulthood.
Suberites
Suberites Nardo, 1833: genus of velvety smooth demosponges (family Suberitidae) with tylostyle spicules; type species S. domuncula, a hermit-crab-associated Mediterranean sponge; not monophyletic, with cryptic Arctic lineages.
Suberites domuncula
Suberites domuncula, basionym Alcyonium domuncula, is an orange globular demosponge of the Mediterranean and nearby Atlantic that overgrows hermit crab shells and serves as a model for innate immunity.
Suberosis
Suberosis (corkworker's lung, ICD-10 J67.3, ICD-11 CA70.3) is a hypersensitivity pneumonitis of cork workers caused by moldy cork dust, mainly Penicillium glabrum or P. frequentans, first identified in 1955.
Subfactor
A subfactor is an inclusion of factors within von Neumann algebras, a theory initiated by Vaughan Jones in the early 1980s, whose Jones index takes quantized values.
Subfloor
A subfloor is the structural panel or board layer fastened across floor joists to form a load-bearing deck that supports finish flooring and helps the floor resist wind and seismic forces.
Subfocus DJ set & ID
Subfocus DJ set & ID covers the club and festival performances of Sub Focus, the British drum & bass producer Nicolaas Douwma, active since the early 2000s.
Subgame perfect equilibrium
Subgame perfect equilibrium is a refinement of Nash equilibrium for sequential games, introduced by Reinhard Selten in 1965, requiring equilibrium in every subgame and ruling out non-credible threats.
Subgenera and sections of Cortinarius
The subgenera and sections of Cortinarius sort one of the largest mushroom-forming fungal genera, with over 3,000 named species, into groups based on anatomy, pigments, and DNA.
Subgiant branch
The subgiant branch (SGB) is the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram region occupied by stars that have just left the main sequence, powered by hydrogen shell burning around an inert helium core.
Subgiant star
A subgiant is a luminosity class IV star that has exhausted its core hydrogen and is evolving from the main sequence toward the red-giant stage.
Subgingival Curettage
Subgingival curettage, also called gingival curettage or periodontal epithelial debridement, is removal of the epithelial lining of periodontal pockets with a curette; abandoned after trials showed no benefit over scaling and root planing.
Subglacial channel
A subglacial channel is a conduit carrying meltwater at a glacier bed, melted upward into the ice (an R-channel) or eroded downward into bedrock (a Nye channel).
Subglacial drainage
Subglacial drainage is the movement of meltwater at the base of a glacier or ice sheet through films, cavities, and channels, governing basal sliding, erosion, and outburst floods.
Subglacial lake on Mars
The subglacial lake on Mars is a putative body of liquid water proposed in 2018 beneath the south polar ice cap, based on radar reflections that remain contested.
Subglacial water on Mars
Subglacial water on Mars is hypothesized liquid water beneath the planet's ice, notably a putative lake 1.5 km below the south polar cap reported in 2018.
Subgrade
The subgrade in railway engineering is the compacted upper surface of the embankment fill or cutting that receives the ballast and must carry traffic loads without significant deformation.
Subgradient
A subgradient is a vector generalizing the gradient of a differentiable function to convex functions that may fail to be differentiable, defined by a supporting hyperplane to the graph.
Subgradient method
The subgradient method is a first-order optimization algorithm that minimizes nondifferentiable convex functions by repeatedly stepping against a subgradient, and it underlies stochastic gradient methods in machine learning.
Subgraph isomorphism
Subgraph isomorphism is the NP-complete computational problem of deciding whether a smaller pattern graph can be mapped into a larger host graph, used in cheminformatics, graph databases, and computer vision.
Subgrid-scale model
A subgrid-scale model is a closure used in large eddy simulation to represent turbulent motions smaller than the numerical grid, commonly via eddy-viscosity models like Smagorinsky.
Subgroup
In group theory, a subgroup of a group G is a non-empty subset that forms a group under the same operation; its order divides |G| by Lagrange's theorem.
Subgroup analysis
Subgroup analysis is a statistical method that estimates treatment effects separately within patient subsets defined by baseline characteristics, testing whether the effect differs across groups.
Subh (concubine of al-Hakam II)
Subh was a slave of northern Iberian origin who became the favorite concubine of the Umayyad caliph al-Hakam II of Córdoba and mother of his successor Hisham II.
Subh al-A'sha
Subh al-A'sha fi Sina'at al-Insha' is a monumental Arabic chancery manual and encyclopedia by the Mamluk secretary and judge al-Qalqashandi, completed on 12 February 1412.
Subh-i-Azal (میرزا یحیی نوری)
Subh-i-Azal, born Mirza Yahya Nuri (c. 1830–1912), was a Persian religious leader regarded by his followers as the Báb's legitimate successor and founder of the Azali branch of Bábism, and the half-brother of Baháʼalláh.
Subha Sankalpam (శుభసంకల్పం)
Subha Sankalpam (శుభసంకల్పం), 1995 Telugu family musical drama directed by K. Viswanath, produced by S. P. Balasubramaniam, starring Kamal Haasan as Dasu; won three 1996 Filmfare Awards Telugu and marked Viswanath's acting debut.
Subhadra
Subhadra, also called Devi Subhadra, is a Yadava princess in Hindu tradition, sister of Krishna and Balabhadra, wife of Arjuna, and mother of the warrior Abhimanyu.
Subhadra Kumari Chauhan
Subhadra Kumari Chauhan (सुभद्रा कुमारी चौहान, 1904-1948), Hindi poet and freedom fighter from Nihalpur, Prayagraj, author of the poem Jhansi Ki Rani, jailed twice in the independence movement, first woman satyagrahi arrested in Nagpur.
Subhadra Parinaya
Subhadra Parinaya (ସୁଭଦ୍ରା ପରିଣୟ), meaning The Marriage of Subhadra, is an Odia kavya by Upendra Bhanja, the seventeenth-century poet called Kabi Samrat, recounting the marriage of Krishna's sister Subhadra.