All articles starting with S
44,216 articles
Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William
Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William, Calcutta's first Crown court, established by the 1774 Charter under the Regulating Act 1773 with Chief Justice and three judges; abolished by the Indian High Courts Act 1861.
Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation
Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación (SCJN), Mexico's Supreme Court: nine popularly elected ministers (June 1, 2025 election) led by Hugo Aguilar Ortiz, headquartered in Mexico City, with all jurisdiction consolidated in a single Pleno after the 2024 judicial reform.
Supreme Court of Kenya
The Supreme Court of Kenya, established under Article 163 of the 2010 Constitution, is Kenya's highest court and final arbiter of constitutional interpretation, holding exclusive original jurisdiction over presidential election petitions, which it must decide within 14 days of filing.
Supreme Court of New South Wales
Supreme Court of New South Wales: NSW's superior court, established 17 May 1824 under the Third Charter of Justice. Governed by the Supreme Court Act 1970; Court of Appeal, Court of Criminal Appeal, Common Law and Equity Divisions.
Supreme Court of Ohio
Supreme Court of Ohio: the state's court of last resort, seven justices (chief justice Sharon L. Kennedy plus six) elected to six-year terms, with mandatory death-penalty and constitutional appeals, writ jurisdiction, and bar-regulation authority.
Supreme Court of Pakistan (سپریم کورٹ آف پاکستان)
Supreme Court of Pakistan (سپریم کورٹ آف پاکستان), the apex court under Part VII of the 1973 Constitution: Articles 184–186A jurisdiction, suo motu removed by the 26th Amendment, Federal Constitutional Court created by the 27th, Chief Justice Yahya Afridi.
Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania is the state's court of last resort and the oldest appellate court in the United States, dating to 1684 and permanent from 1722. Seven justices serve ten-year terms won in partisan elections, then face yes-or-no retention votes until mandatory retirement at 75.
Supreme Court of Queensland
The Supreme Court of Queensland, also called the Queensland Supreme Court, is the state's superior court of record, with a Trial Division and Court of Appeal, four regional judges, and jurisdiction over serious criminal and civil matters.
Supreme Court of Texas
Supreme Court of Texas: the state's court of last resort for civil matters, nine justices (chief justice plus eight) elected to staggered six-year terms in Austin; distinct from the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals.
Supreme Court of the Gold Coast
The Supreme Court of the Gold Coast was the principal British colonial court of the Gold Coast, established in 1876 and lasting until Ghana's independence in 1957.
Supreme Court of the Philippines
The Supreme Court of the Philippines (Korte Suprema) is the highest court, composed of a Chief Justice and 14 Associate Justices appointed by the President from Judicial and Bar Council lists, holding office until age 70, with expanded judicial review under the 1987 Constitution.
Supreme Court of the Republic of China (最高法院)
The Supreme Court of the Republic of China (最高法院) is Taiwan's final civil and criminal appellate court in Taipei, reviewing law only, with Grand Chamber panels since 2019 unifying legal interpretations after abolishing precedents and resolutions.
Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom (UKSC), the UK's highest appeal court since October 2009 under the Constitutional Reform Act 2005, replacing the House of Lords' Appellate Committee; 12 Justices sit at the Middlesex Guildhall, hearing civil appeals UK-wide, criminal appeals from England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and devolution issues.
Supreme Court of the United States
The Supreme Court of the United States, shaped by the Judiciary Act of 1789 and first assembled in 1790, is the highest U.S. court: nine life-tenured Justices, in its own building since 1935, now at record-low public approval.
Supreme Court of the United States customs and traditions
The customs and traditions of the US Supreme Court are the rituals shaping how the nine Justices work, including the daily handshake, black robes, two oaths, and secret conferences.
Supreme Court of the United States moves into its own building (1935)
The Supreme Court of the United States moved into its own building in 1935, ending more than a century of meeting inside the Capitol, a campaign led by Chief Justice Taft.
Supreme Court of the United States term opinions before 1990
The Supreme Court of the United States term opinions before 1990 records the Court's written opinions through October Term 1989, published in the United States Reports.
Supreme Court of the United States under Jay, Rutledge, and Ellsworth (1790–1801)
The Supreme Court of the United States under Jay, Rutledge, and Ellsworth was the Court's first decade, from 1790 to 1801, deciding about sixty cases and provoking the Eleventh Amendment.
Supreme Court of Victoria
The Supreme Court of Victoria is the highest court in the Australian state of Victoria, with Trial Division and Court of Appeal; only the High Court of Australia can review its decisions.
Supreme Court Police
Supreme Court Police (SCUSPD), the U.S. Supreme Court's own police force at 1 First Street NE, Washington, DC; under 40 U.S.C. §6121 it polices the Court building and grounds and protects the Justices anywhere.
Supreme Decree 21060
Supreme Decree 21060 (Decreto Supremo N° 21060) is the decree by which Bolivian president Víctor Paz Estenssoro launched the New Economic Policy in 1985, ending hyperinflation.
Supreme Eiye Confraternity
Supreme Eiye Confraternity (National Association of Airlords), a Nigerian student confraternity founded at the University of Ibadan in 1965, later classed as a secret cult and organized crime group active in trafficking and fraud.
Supreme Electoral Tribunal of Costa Rica
The Supreme Electoral Tribunal (Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones, TSE) is Costa Rica's autonomous electoral authority, created by the 1949 Constitution to run elections and judge disputes.
Supreme Electoral Tribunal of Guatemala
Supreme Electoral Tribunal of Guatemala (Tribunal Supremo Electoral, TSE), independent maximum electoral authority created 23 March 1983 by Decree 30-83; five titular and five alternate magistrates elected by Congress; organized 14 electoral processes; VIII Magistratura 2026-2032.
Supreme Federal Court
The Supreme Federal Court (Supremo Tribunal Federal, STF) is Brazil's apex court and guardian of the Constitution: created in 1891, reduced from 15 to 11 justices in 1931, hybrid judicial review, currently led by Edson Fachin amid a 2026 internal crisis.
Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force
SHAEF, the Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force, was the integrated U.S.-British command under General Dwight D. Eisenhower, established in London in February 1944, successor to COSSAC, which directed Operation Overlord and the liberation of western Europe until its dissolution on July 14, 1945.
Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe
Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe, or SHAPE, is NATO's strategic operations headquarters at Casteau near Mons, Belgium, activated in 1951 under its first commander, Dwight Eisenhower.
Supreme Intelligence
Supreme Intelligence (Supremor) is Marvel Comics' organic supercomputer ruler of the Kree Empire, built from the greatest Kree brains; first appeared in Fantastic Four #65 (1967); in the MCU Captain Marvel (2019) it appears as each person's most admired figure.
Supreme Iraqi Criminal Tribunal
Supreme Iraqi Criminal Tribunal (Iraqi Special Tribunal, then Iraqi High Tribunal): special Iraqi court created by CPA Order 48 in December 2003, renamed under Law No. 10 of 2005, trying genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes committed 1968–2003, notably the Dujail and Anfal trials.
Supreme Junta of Caracas
The Supreme Junta of Caracas (Junta Suprema de Caracas) was the provisional government installed in Caracas on 19 April 1810, deposing Captain General Vicente de Emparan.