All articles starting with S
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Swapnil Joshi (स्वप्निल जोशी)
Swapnil Joshi (स्वप्निल जोशी), born 1977 in Mumbai, is an Indian actor-producer in Marathi and Hindi entertainment, a child Krishna in Shri Krishna, later star of Mumbai-Pune-Mumbai, Duniyadari, and Vaalvi, distinct from namesake cinematographer Swapnil S. Sonawane.
SWAPO
SWAPO (South West Africa People's Organisation), founded 1960 from the Ovamboland People's Organization, is Namibia's liberation movement turned long-ruling social-democratic party, governing since 1990 and led since 2024 by Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah.
Swapped
Swapped is a 2026 Skydance Animation body-swap buddy comedy, also titled Pookoo, directed by Nathan Greno; Michael B. Jordan and Juno Temple voice swapped enemies Ollie and Ivy; released on Netflix May 1, 2026.
Swaption
A swaption is an option granting the right, but not the obligation, to enter an interest rate swap at a future date; the strike is the swap's fixed rate.
Swara Bhasker (स्वरा भास्कर)
Swara Bhasker (स्वरा भास्कर), Indian Hindi-cinema actress and activist, born 1988 in Delhi; known for Tanu Weds Manu, Raanjhanaa, Nil Battey Sannata, Anaarkali of Aarah, Veere Di Wedding; married Fahad Ahmad 2023.
Swara Tika Oil Field
Swara Tika is an onshore oil field in the Kurdistan Region of northern Iraq, about 85 km northwest of Erbil, discovered in 2011 and operated by HKN Energy.
Swaraj
Swaraj (self-rule) is the central concept of the Indian anticolonial movement, entering Congress politics with Naoroji's 1906 speech and redefined by Gandhi in Hind Swaraj (1909) as moral self-rule, self-restraint, and village-based Gram Swaraj.
Swaraj Kaushal (स्वराज कौशल)
Swaraj Kaushal (स्वराज कौशल), Indian senior advocate, Mizoram Peace Accord negotiator, first Advocate General of Mizoram, youngest Governor of Mizoram 1990-93, Rajya Sabha MP for Haryana 1998-2004, husband of Sushma Swaraj; died 4 December 2025.
Swaraj Party
Swaraj Party (Congress-Khilafat Swarajya Party), founded 1 January 1923 by C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru to enter British-made councils and obstruct them; won 42 of 141 Central Assembly seats in 1923, declined by 1928.
Swarajya
Swarajya (स्वराज्य), meaning "self-rule," is the principle of indigenous sovereignty proclaimed by Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj in 1645 and embodied in the Maratha state he founded.
Swarathma
Swarathma is a folk-rock band from Bengaluru, India, formed in 2002, whose songs in Hindi, Kannada, and English fuse Indian folk with rock across three albums.
Swarg (स्वर्ग)
Swarg (स्वर्ग) is a 1990 Hindi drama directed by David Dhawan, starring Rajesh Khanna as ruined businessman Sahabji and Govinda as his loyal servant Krishna; Dhawan's first hit and one of Khanna's last.
Swargam Narakam (சொர்க்கம் நரகம்)
Swargam Narakam (சொர்க்கம் நரகம்), also transliterated Sorgam Naragam, is a 1977 Tamil black-and-white drama directed by R. Thyagaraajan, starring Sivakumar and Phataphat Jayalaxmi, remade from Dasari Narayana Rao's 1975 Telugu film of the same name.
Swarm (TV series)
Swarm is a 2023 Prime Video psychological thriller miniseries created by Donald Glover and Janine Nabers, starring Dominique Fishback as Dre, a Houston fan of Beyoncé-inspired pop star Ni'Jah who goes on a cross-country killing spree across seven episodes.
Swarm aggregation
Swarm aggregation is a foundational swarm robotics behavior in which dispersed robots converge into clusters through local interactions alone, either by following environmental cues like light or by detecting neighbors.
Swarm behaviour
Swarm behaviour: coordinated movement of animal groups such as flocks, schools, and insect swarms arising from self-organized local interactions, studied via models like Couzin zones and Boids, with robotics applications.
Swarm dispersion algorithms
Swarm dispersion algorithms are distributed control and graph algorithms that spread mobile robots from a crowded configuration to fill space uniformly, with a 2004 test dispersing 108 robots across 3,000 square feet.
Swarm intelligence
Swarm intelligence, also known as swarm theory, is the collective behavior emerging from simple local interactions among agents, inspiring optimization algorithms such as particle swarm and ant colony optimization.
Swarm learning (machine learning)
Swarm learning (SL) is a decentralized machine learning framework in which nodes train a shared model on local data, coordinated through blockchain instead of a central server.
Swarm reinforcement learning
Swarm reinforcement learning uses reinforcement learning to control large robot swarms, where each robot learns individual and collective behavior from reward feedback rather than hand-programmed rules.
Swarm robotics
Swarm robotics is the study of how large groups of simple robots achieve collective behavior through local interactions, inspired by social insects, fish schools, and bird flocks.
Swarm shepherding algorithms
Swarm shepherding algorithms are control algorithms in which external agents called shepherds guide a group of agents toward a goal while keeping the group cohesive.
Swarm task allocation via response thresholds
Swarm task allocation via response thresholds is a decentralized method in which swarm agents take on tasks when a sensed stimulus exceeds their internal threshold.
Swarm-bots
Swarm-bots was a European Commission research project from 2001 to 2005 that built small autonomous robots, called s-bots, which connect into larger self-assembling colonies that move and transport heavy objects.
Swarmanoid
Swarmanoid was a European research project (2006–2010), coordinated by Marco Dorigo at the Université Libre de Bruxelles, that built 60 robots of three types to work together indoors.
Swarming (honey bee)
Swarming in honey bees (Apis mellifera) is colony reproduction by fission: workers rear a new queen while the old queen departs with 50–70% of workers, bivouacs, and scouts choose a new nest cavity by quorum.
Swarming motility protein SwrD-like
SwrD (SwrD-like, ylzI/FlbD) is a small conserved bacterial flagellar-motor power enhancer required for swarming but not swimming in Bacillus subtilis; loss cuts motor torque 6-fold, rescued by MotA/MotB overexpression, and SwrD forms hexameric rings.
Swarna Kamalam (స్వర్ణకమలం)
Swarna Kamalam (స్వర్ణకమలం, "Golden Lotus"), 1988 Telugu musical drama by K. Viswanath, starring Venkatesh and Bhanupriya, music by Ilaiyaraaja, about a Kuchipudi dancer's return to her art.
Swarna Pusthaka Award
The Swarna Pusthaka Award (Golden Book Award) is a Sri Lankan literary prize for the best Sinhala novel of the year, awarded annually since 2007.
Swarnalatha
Swarnalatha (சுவர்ணலதா, 1973–2010) was an Indian playback singer of Tamil cinema, National Film Award winner for "Porale Ponnuthayi" from Karuththamma under A. R. Rahman; distinct from activist Swarnalatha J and actress Alla Swarnalatha.