All articles starting with S
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Saudi Aramco (أرامكو السعودية)
Saudi Aramco (أرامكو السعودية), formally the Saudi Arabian Oil Company, is the state-owned national oil company of Saudi Arabia, tracing its origins to a 1933 oil concession.
Saudi Binladin Group
Saudi Binladin Group is a Jeddah-headquartered Saudi construction conglomerate founded by Mohammed Binladin in 1931, best known for expanding the Two Holy Mosques in Mecca and Medina.
Saudi British Bank
Saudi British Bank, now branded Saudi Awwal Bank, is a major Saudi commercial bank headquartered in Riyadh, founded in 1978, 31% owned by HSBC, and merged with Alawwal Bank in 2019.
Saudi Central Bank
The Saudi Central Bank, known as SAMA and formerly the Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority, is the central bank of Saudi Arabia, established in 1952 and based in Riyadh.
Saudi conquest of the Hejaz
The Saudi conquest of the Hejaz (فتح الحجاز) was the 1924 to 1925 campaign in which Ibn Saud of Najd seized the Hejaz from King Hussein, ending Hashemite rule.
Saudi contract law
Saudi contract law governs contracts in Saudi Arabia. Long uncodified Shari'a, it was codified by the Civil Transactions Law (نظام المعاملات المدنية), enacted in June 2023 and effective December 2023.
Saudi CP
The Saudi CP (Saudi Aramco Contract Price) is the monthly price Saudi Aramco sets for propane and butane, quoted FOB Ras Tanura, and the dominant LPG benchmark for Asia.
Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority
The Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA), Saudi Arabia's national authority for data and AI, was established in Riyadh by royal order in August 2019.
Saudi Electricity
Saudi Electricity Company is Saudi Arabia's vertically integrated electric utility, serving about 11.3 million customers, with 56.4 GW of capacity and government control through the Public Investment Fund.
Saudi Food and Drug Authority
Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA, الهيئة العامة للغذاء والدواء), Saudi Arabia's independent regulator of food, drugs, medical devices, cosmetics, pesticides, and feed; established 2003, WHO Maturity Level 4 since 2023.
Saudi Investment Bank
The Saudi Investment Bank (SAIB) is a Saudi joint stock commercial bank headquartered in Riyadh, founded by royal decree in 1976 and listed on Tadawul since 1993.
Saudi literature
Saudi literature (الأدب السعودي) is the body of Arabic literary works by Saudi writers and poets, dominated historically by poetry, with its first novel published in 1930.
Saudi National Day (اليوم الوطني للمملكة العربية السعودية)
Saudi National Day (اليوم الوطني السعودي), celebrated 23 September, marks the 1932 royal decree no. 2716 renaming the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia under King Abdulaziz; official holiday since 2004, distinct from Founding Day.
Saudi national dress
Saudi national dress: the thobe-based formal attire for men and the regionally varied women's garments of Saudi Arabia's thirteen provinces, including the bisht (mishlah), ghutra, agal, abaya, and named regional dresses such as the Najdi Aseeri and Hejazi al-Masdah.
Saudi Oger
Saudi Oger was a Saudi construction company founded by Rafik Hariri in 1978, owned by his family, and shut down in 2017 with debts of about $10.89 billion.
Saudi Pro League (دوري المحترفين السعودي)
Saudi Pro League (دوري المحترفين السعودي), Roshn Saudi League, Saudi Arabia's top football division, founded 1976, 18 clubs, AFC's top-ranked Asian league; PIF owns 75% of four clubs since 2023; Al Nassr are 2025-26 champions.
Saudi riyal (ريال سعودي)
The Saudi riyal (ريال سعودي) is the currency of Saudi Arabia, issued by the Saudi Central Bank and pegged to the US dollar at 3.75 riyals since 1986.
Saudi riyal sign
The Saudi riyal sign is a currency symbol for the Saudi riyal, built as a ligature of the Arabic word riyal and approved by King Salman in February 2025.
Saudi Tadawul Group (STG)
Saudi Tadawul Group is the holding company behind Saudi Arabia's sole stock exchange, majority owned by the Public Investment Fund and itself listed since December 2021.
Saudi Telecom
Saudi Telecom Company (stc) is Saudi Arabia's largest telecommunications operator, providing mobile, fixed, enterprise, and wholesale services since 1998, majority owned by the Public Investment Fund and listed on Tadawul.
Saudi Vision 2030 (رؤية السعودية 2030)
Saudi Vision 2030 (رؤية السعودية 2030) is a strategic framework announced in 2016 to reduce Saudi Arabia's oil dependence by diversifying the economy and expanding the private sector.
Saudia (الخطوط الجوية السعودية)
Saudia, legally the Saudi Arabian Airlines Corporation, is the state-owned flag carrier of Saudi Arabia. Founded in 1945, it flies to about 100 destinations and joined SkyTeam in 2012.
Saudia Flight 163
Saudia Flight 163, Saudia Arabian Airlines L-1011 HZ-AHK, caught fire after Riyadh takeoff on 19 August 1980, landed safely, then burned on a taxiway; all 301 died of smoke inhalation, doors unopenable due to cabin overpressure.
Saudosismo
Saudosismo was a Portuguese poetic and philosophical movement of the early 20th century, led by Teixeira de Pascoaes, which elevated saudade, the Portuguese feeling of bittersweet longing, into a program for cultural renewal.
Sauer Commission
The Sauer Commission was a 1947 committee of the Herenigde Nasionale Party, headed by Paul Sauer, whose report became the National Party's electoral program and the blueprint for apartheid.
Sauer–Shelah lemma
The Sauer–Shelah lemma, also called the Perles–Sauer–Shelah lemma, is a combinatorics theorem bounding a set family's size by its VC dimension, with applications in machine learning.
Sauerbraten
Sauerbraten, or Rheinischer Sauerbraten, is Germany's marinated pot roast: beef (historically horse) soaked days in vinegar-wine spice marinade, then braised with sweet-sour raisin and gingerbread gravy; regional Franconian, Swabian, Baden, and Saxon variants differ.
Sauerkraut
Sauerkraut (German for "sour cabbage") is shredded cabbage preserved by spontaneous lactic acid fermentation with about 2% salt, started by Leuconostoc mesenteroides and finished by Lactobacillus plantarum; distinct from kimchi, which is less acidic and carbonated.
Saugandh (सौगंध) (1991 film)
Saugandh (सौगंध) is a 1991 Indian Hindi action drama film directed by Raj N. Sippy. It stars Akshay Kumar in his lead role alongside Rakhee Gulzar and Shanti Priya.
Saugata Roy
Saugata Roy, born 1947, is an Indian politician of the Trinamool Congress, a five-time Lok Sabha member for Dum Dum and the party's deputy leader there.