All articles starting with S
44,216 articles
SAC solder
SAC solder is a family of lead-free solder alloys of tin, silver, and copper that replaced lead solder in electronics after RoHS took effect in 2006.
Sac spider
Sac spider, Clubionidae (sac spiders), a family of 682 nocturnal, free-living hunting spiders that hide by day in silk sacs; type genus Clubiona, 531 species; family shown non-monophyletic; yellow sac spiders Cheiracanthium now in Miturgidae.
SAC-46 (handgun)
The SAC-46, code named Flying Dragon, was a single-shot pistol developed for the OSS in World War II that fired a poison dart propelled by a CO2 cartridge.
Sacaba
Sacaba (Villa de San Pedro de Sacaba), municipality and city in Chapare province, Cochabamba department, Bolivia; founded 29 June 1761; 219,092 inhabitants (2024 census), second most populous in the department, capital of Chapare, mayor Riony Villarroel 2026–2031.
Sacagawea
Sacagawea (also Sakakawea, Sacajawea), Lemhi Shoshone woman, c. 1788-1812, interpreter and diplomat on the Lewis and Clark Expedition 1805-1806; depicted on the US Sacagawea dollar.
Sacagawea dollar
Sacagawea dollar, also Native American dollar: US golden-colored $1 coin issued 2000-2008 with Sacagawea obverse by Glenna Goodacre, continued 2009-present with yearly Native American reverses; manganese brass clad, mostly face value except Cheerios and mule rarities.
Sacajawea Patera
Sacajawea Patera is a large volcanic caldera on Venus, located in western Ishtar Terra on Lakshmi Planum and named for the Lewis and Clark interpreter in 1982.
Saccade
Saccade: rapid ballistic eye movement (up to ~500 deg/s, under 100 ms) shifting gaze between targets onto the fovea; also called saccadic eye movement. Controlled by brainstem burst neurons, superior colliculus, and frontal eye field; kinematics follow the main sequence.
Saccade task
A saccade task is an eye-tracking paradigm in which a participant shifts gaze from a central fixation point to a peripheral target on cue, measuring attention and inhibitory control.
Saccaka
Saccaka (Sanskrit Satyaka), addressed as Aggivessana, was a debater of Vesālī, son of Jain parents, who lost two debates with the Buddha preserved in the Majjhima Nikāya.
Saccharification
Saccharification is the step in starch and biomass processing where heat and enzymes convert polymeric carbohydrates into simple fermentable sugars, chiefly glucose, often combined with fermentation in one vessel.
Saccharin
Saccharin, also known as benzoic sulfimide, is the oldest artificial sweetener, about 300 times sweeter than sugar, discovered at Johns Hopkins in 1878 and used for over a century.
Saccharina japonica
Saccharina japonica (formerly Laminaria japonica), kombu or haidai kelp, a large cold-water brown alga native to the NW Pacific, transferred to Saccharina in 2006, and the world's most cultivated seaweed, with China producing 89.4% of the global total.
Saccharina latissima
Saccharina latissima, known as sugar kelp or sea belt, is a brown seaweed of the Northern Hemisphere, the most farmed kelp species in Europe and North America.
Saccharine (film)
Saccharine is a 2026 Australian supernatural body horror film by Natalie Erika James, starring Midori Francis as a medical student haunted by a hungry ghost after a weight-loss craze of eating human ashes; premiered at Sundance 2026.
Saccharomyces
Saccharomyces is a genus of budding yeasts with eight species including baker's yeast S. cerevisiae and the wild S. paradoxus and S. eubayanus; known for fermentation, frequent hybridization, and the first sequenced eukaryotic genome.
Saccharomyces boulardii
Saccharomyces boulardii is a nonpathogenic yeast, taxonomically a variant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, used as a probiotic mainly to prevent and treat diarrhea; Henri Boulard identified it in 1923.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, baker's or budding yeast, is a single-celled eukaryotic fungus used in bread, beer, and wine, the first sequenced eukaryote, and the model yeast with all 16 chromosomes synthesized in Sc2.0.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae brewing, wine, and liquor strains
Brewing, wine, and liquor strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: domesticated yeast lineages fermenting beer, wine, cider, whisky, rum, and sake, with strain-specific flavor traits, GRAS-notified engineered strains (BY-1248, BY-1532, BY-927), and stress-tolerance breeding.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentate
Dried Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast fermentate (EpiCor), a whole-broth yeast powder; GRAS notified by Cargill as GRN 928, FDA no-questions letter May 14, 2021, intended at 500 mg/serving in beverages and foods.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae ML01 (malolactic wine yeast)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae ML01, a genetically modified malolactic wine yeast carrying S. pombe mae1 and O. oeni mleA at URA3, first GM wine yeast commercialized, FDA GRAS 2003 (GRN 120), converts malate to lactate during alcoholic fermentation.
Saccharomyces Genome Database
Saccharomyces Genome Database (SGD, yeastgenome.org): curated knowledgebase for budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, founded 1993 at Stanford by David Botstein and J. Michael Cherry; maintains the S288C reference genome, GO and phenotype annotations, and cofounded the Alliance of Genome Resources.
Saccharomycetales
Saccharomycetales is an order of fungi in the phylum Ascomycota whose yeasts multiply by budding or fission, including baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the pathogen Candida albicans.
Saccharopine dehydrogenase [NAD(+), L-lysine-forming]
Saccharopine dehydrogenase [NAD(+), L-lysine-forming] (EC 1.5.1.7, SDH, yeast LYS1) catalyzes saccharopine + NAD+ to lysine + α-ketoglutarate, the final step of fungal lysine biosynthesis, with an ordered NAD-first mechanism.
Saccharopinuria
Saccharopinuria (hyperlysinemia type II, saccharopine dehydrogenase deficiency, OMIM 268700) is a rare autosomal recessive lysine catabolism disorder from an AASS SDH-domain defect, causing elevated blood and CSF lysine and urinary saccharopine.
Saccharopolyspora
Saccharopolyspora, a genus of high G+C Gram-positive actinomycetes (Pseudonocardiaceae) from sugar-cane bagasse; type species S. hirsuta; includes S. erythraea, the industrial erythromycin producer, and S. spinosa, the spinosad insecticide producer.
Saccharum
Saccharum is the Poaceae grass genus holding sugarcane; 15 accepted species native from Central and East Asia to the Old World tropics and Australia; modern cultivars are S. officinarum x S. spontaneum hybrids with an 8.7-billion-base, 114-chromosome genome.
Saccharum officinarum
Saccharum officinarum, the noble cane or sugarcane, is a tropical grass (2n=80) domesticated from S. robustum in New Guinea about 8,000 years ago; it supplies about 80% of modern hybrid cultivar genomes and most of the world's sugar.
Saccharum spontaneum
Saccharum spontaneum (wild sugarcane, Kans grass, Canne Dauvage) is a rhizomatous Old World tropical grass, wild progenitor contributing 15-20% of modern sugarcane genomes, an invasive weed in Panama, and a bioenergy feedstock.
Sacchidananda Bharati I
Sacchidananda Bharati I was the 25th Jagadguru of the Sringeri Sharada Peetham, an Advaita Vedanta monastery traced to Adi Shankara, holding office from 1623 to 1663 and credited with Sanskrit devotional poems.