All articles starting with S
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SCO–Linux disputes
SCO–Linux disputes: lawsuits begun in 2003 by The SCO Group (formerly Caldera) claiming Linux contained UNIX code; Novell won the copyright ownership verdict in 2010, and successor Xinuos' revived claims were rejected by the Second Circuit in 2026.
SCOBY
SCOBY (symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast) is the microbial consortium, coined by Len Porzio, that ferments sweetened tea into kombucha; the floating cellulose disc is a pellicle, with fermentation pH 2.5-4.2.
Scoey Mitchell
Scoey Mitchell (Roscoe Mitchlll Jr., 1930–2022), American TV actor, writer, producer, and director; starred in Barefoot in the Park (1970), played Justin Culp on Rhoda, and was a Match Game and Tattletales panelist.
Scoglietto
Scoglietto (Alberese, Grosseto, Tuscany): Roman rural sanctuary of Diana Umbronensis on a 20 m hilltop in Maremma Regional Park near the Ombrone mouth, occupied from the 2nd century BC to the 6th century AD, excavated 2009-2011.
Scold's bridle
Scold's bridle, also called branks or witch's bridle: an iron punishment mask with a mouth gag, sometimes spiked or belled, used in Britain and northern Europe from the 1500s, mostly on women judged scolds, until the mid-1800s.
Scolecodont
Scolecodonts are fossilized jaw apparatuses of polychaete annelid worms, acid-resistant microfossils known from the latest Cambrian and common in Ordovician to Devonian strata; distinct from conodonts, they are the main fossil record of jawed polychaetes.
Scolia (wasp)
Scolia (Fabricius, 1775) is a cosmopolitan genus of large scoliid wasps whose larvae parasitize scarab beetle grubs; females paralyze hosts underground, lay vertically oriented eggs, and the genus includes 14 New World species.
Scolia dubia
Scolia dubia, the blue-winged wasp or digger wasp, is a North American scoliid wasp whose larvae parasitize green June beetle and Japanese beetle grubs; adults are 20-25 mm, black with two yellow spots and blue wings.
Scoliidae
Scoliidae, the scoliid or mammoth wasps (Latreille, 1802), a cosmopolitan family of about 560 species in 43 genera of large aculeate wasps whose larvae parasitize scarab beetle grubs and whose adults pollinate flowers.
Scoliosis
Scoliosis, also called spinal curvature, is a lateral spine curve over 10 degrees on X-ray, mostly idiopathic and adolescent-onset, 10 times more common in girls; treated by observation, bracing for 25-45 degree curves, or fusion surgery above 45-50 degrees.
Scolomys
Scolomys (spiny mice) is a genus of two Amazonian sigmodontine rodents, S. melanops and S. ucayalensis, spiny-furred, terrestrial rice rats of terra firme forest in Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, and Brazil, basal within tribe Oryzomyini.
Scolopale cell
Scolopale cell: glia-like support cell of the insect scolopidium (chordotonal organ), homologous to the thecogen cell; surrounds neuron dendrites, forms actin-rich scolopale rods, seals the K+-rich scolopale space, and secretes the dendritic cap.
Scolopendra
Scolopendra (Linnaeus, 1758) is a genus of large venomous centipedes in Scolopendridae, order Scolopendromorpha; type species S. morsitans. Tropical and subtropical predators with forcipule venom; 14 species in China, 8 in mainland Southeast Asia; S. cingulata is Europe's largest centipede.
Scolopendra gigantea
Scolopendra gigantea, the Amazonian giant centipede (Peruvian giant yellow-leg centipede), is the world's largest centipede (>300 mm) from northern South America and Caribbean islands, known for preying on bats in Venezuelan caves and medically significant venom.
Scolopendra heros
Scolopendra heros, the giant redheaded or giant desert centipede (Girard, 1853), is the largest US centipede, up to 8 inches, orange with black head and tail, ranging across the southern US into Mexico, with a painful but rarely dangerous bite.
Scolopendra subspinipes
Scolopendra subspinipes (Vietnamese centipede) is a large venomous scolopendrid centipede of tropical Asia and Pacific islands; its former subspecies dehaani, japonica, and dawydoffi are now separate species, and its painful bites are medically significant in Hawaii.
Scolopendromorpha
Scolopendromorpha is an order of centipedes with 21 or 23 pairs of legs and venomous pincers, found on every continent except Antarctica and including the largest, most medically studied centipedes.
Scolymus
Scolymus (goldenthistle) is a genus of three spiny Asteraceae herbs native from Macaronesia and Europe to Iran and NE. Tropical Africa; S. hispanicus is the edible Spanish salsify, distinct from Cynara scolymus, the globe artichoke.
Scomber colias
Scomber colias (Atlantic chub mackerel, Gmelin 1789) is a Scombridae pelagic fish of warm Atlantic waters, Mediterranean and southern Black Sea; max 55 cm, zooplankton feeder, IUCN Least Concern, distinct from S. japonicus.
Scomber japonicus
Scomber japonicus (chub mackerel, Pacific chub mackerel) is a Scombridae fish of subtropical Pacific and Indian Ocean waters, fished heavily by Japan, Korea, and China; Atlantic populations are now classed as Scomber colias.
Scomberesox saurus
Scomberesox saurus, the Atlantic saury (skipper, Makrelenhecht), a slender epipelagic saury of the North Atlantic and Mediterranean; schooling planktivore to 50 cm, depth 0-30 m, IUCN Least Concern, minor commercial and bait use.
Scomberomorus commerson
Scomberomorus commerson, the narrow-barred Spanish mackerel or kingfish, is a large Indo-West Pacific scombrid pelagic predator, a highly commercial, overfished food and game fish, Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List.
Scombridae
Scombridae, the mackerels, tunas, and bonitos, is a family of epipelagic marine fishes in Scombriformes with 15 genera and about 49-55 species, including endothermic tunas and the largest bony fishes.
Scombroid food poisoning
Scombroid food poisoning (histamine fish poisoning, scombrotoxism) is a chemical intoxication from histamine formed by bacterial spoilage of tuna, mackerel, mahi-mahi, and similar fish; it mimics allergy, responds to antihistamines, and is prevented by refrigeration.
Scone
Scone: a small British quick bread of Scottish origin, leavened with baking powder or soda and sour milk, traditionally girdle-baked and eaten with butter, jam, or clotted cream; distinct from the sweeter American scone and the American biscuit.
Scoob!
Scoob! is a 2020 American computer-animated mystery comedy film directed by Tony Cervone, based on the Scooby-Doo franchise and released on premium video on demand after theaters closed.
SCOOBIE DO
SCOOBIE DO (スクービードゥー) is a four-piece Japanese rock band formed in 1995, blending rock and funk as "Funk-a-lismo!" and nicknamed "LIVE CHAMP" for its live shows.
Scooby-Doo
Scooby-Doo is an American media franchise created in 1969 by Joe Ruby and Ken Spears for Hanna-Barbera, centered on four teenage sleuths and a talking Great Dane who unmask human criminals behind seemingly supernatural mysteries, later spanning dozens of series, films, and upcoming Netflix and Tubi adaptations.
Scooby-Doo (character)
Scooby-Doo (Scoobert Doo) is the cowardly talking Great Dane of Hanna-Barbera's 1969 CBS series Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!, designed by Iwao Takamoto, voiced by Don Messick then Frank Welker, now owned by Warner Bros.
Scooby-Doo (film)
Scooby-Doo (also marketed as Scooby-Doo: The Movie) is a 2002 American live-action comedy film directed by Raja Gosnell, in which CGI Scooby-Doo and Mystery Inc. investigate a haunted island resort.