All articles starting with S

Second pharyngeal arch

The second pharyngeal arch, or hyoid arch, is an embryonic structure that forms the stapes, facial muscles, and hyoid bone, innervated by the facial nerve.

The Second Philippine Republic (1943–1945), the Japanese-sponsored Philippine Republic under President José P. Laurel, governed by the 1943 Constitution and the sole party KALIBAPI, inaugurated October 1943 and terminated August 17, 1945.

Second plague pandemic

Second plague pandemic: Yersinia pestis epidemics from the Black Death (1346–1353), which killed 30–60% of Europeans, through recurrent waves including the pestis secunda until the early 19th century; originated in the Tian Shan, Central Asia.

Second Polish Republic

Second Polish Republic (II Rzeczpospolita), interwar Polish state 1918–1939 between the world wars, reborn 11 November 1918 under Piłsudski; March Constitution 1921, May Coup 1926, April Constitution 1935, ended by German and Soviet invasion in September 1939.

Second premiership of Viktor Orbán

Viktor Orbán's second premiership, 2010–2014: Fidesz's two-thirds majority replaced Hungary's constitution (Fundamental Law), overhauled courts, media and elections, pursued unorthodox economics, and prompted EU rule-of-law criticism before re-election in 2014.

Second presidency of Donald Trump

Second presidency of Donald Trump, the 47th U.S. presidency beginning January 20, 2025; distinguished by record executive-order volume (221 by December 2025), restrictive immigration policy, sweeping tariffs, and the 2025 National Security Strategy's hemispheric pivot.

Second presidency of Grover Cleveland

Grover Cleveland's second presidency (1893–1897) was his non-consecutive second term as 24th U.S. president, dominated by the Panic of 1893, the Pullman Strike, and repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act.

Second presidential transition of Donald Trump

The second presidential transition of Donald Trump (Trump Vance 2025 Transition Inc., co-chaired by Lutnick and McMahon) ran from the November 5, 2024, election to the January 20, 2025 inauguration, marked by fast personnel announcements, a delayed White House MOU, and declined GSA support.

Sep 19, 2026

Second Prophet of Amun

The Second Prophet of Amun was the second-ranking priestly office in the cult of Amun at Karnak, attested in Egypt from 1279 to 30 BCE.

Second Punic War

Second Punic War (218-201 BCE), the Hannibalic War, second Rome-Carthage war: Hannibal crossed the Alps, won at Cannae, but Scipio Africanus defeated him at Zama in 202 BCE.

Sep 19, 2026

Second Punic War in Africa

The Second Punic War in Africa was the war's final campaign: Scipio's 204 BC invasion of Carthage, his victory over Hannibal at Zama, and the peace of 201 BC.

Sep 29, 2026

Second quantization

Second quantization is a reformulation of quantum mechanics, not a new theory, that builds identical-particle states in Fock space from creation and annihilation operators, handling variable particle numbers and antisymmetrization automatically.

Second Republic of Burundi

The Second Republic of Burundi was the regime led by Jean-Baptiste Bagaza, who took power in a bloodless 1976 coup and was overthrown by Pierre Buyoya in 1987.

Second Republic of Venezuela

The Second Republic of Venezuela (Segunda República de Venezuela) was a republican government restored by Simón Bolívar in 1813 and destroyed by royalists in 1814.

Sep 23, 2026

Second Revolution

The Second Revolution (二次革命), also called the Campaign against Yuan, was the 1913 uprising led by Sun Zhongshan against Yuan Shikai, defeated within two months.

Second Samoan Civil War

The Second Samoan Civil War (1898–1899) was fought between rival Samoan claimants to the kingship backed by Germany and by Britain and the United States.

Second Samori–French War

The Second Samori–French War (1891–1898) was the second and final phase of the Mandingo Wars between Samori Touré's Wassoulou Empire and French colonial forces, ending with his capture.

Second Saudi State

The Second Saudi State (الدولة السعودية الثانية) was an Al Saud polity based in Riyadh that ruled much of Najd from 1824 to 1891, founded by Imam Turki bin Abdullah.

Second Schleswig War

Second Schleswig War (1864, 2. Slesvigske Krig, Deutsch-Dänischer Krieg): Prussia and Austria defeated Denmark over Schleswig-Holstein; triggered by the 1863 November Constitution; ended by the Treaty of Vienna ceding the duchies; Bismarck's first unification war.

Second Schweinfurt raid

The Second Schweinfurt raid, or Black Thursday (14 October 1943), was an Eighth Air Force attack by 291 B-17s on Schweinfurt's ball-bearing plants; 77 bombers were lost, ending unescorted deep-penetration bombing.

Second Section of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery

The Second Section of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery (Второе отделение Собственной Его Императорского Величества канцелярии) codified the laws of the Russian Empire from 1826 to 1882.

Second Seminole War

The Second Seminole War (1835-1842), also called the Florida War, was the Seminole resistance to forced removal under the Treaty of Payne's Landing; seven years of guerrilla war, no peace treaty, and several hundred Seminoles remaining in Florida.

Second Serbian Uprising

The Second Serbian Uprising (Други српски устанак) was an 1815 Serbian revolt against Ottoman rule, led by Miloš Obrenović after the First Uprising's collapse in 1813.

Second serfdom in Eastern Europe

Second serfdom is the term historians use for the tightening of serfdom over the peasantry of Poland, Hungary, Bohemia, Prussia, Lithuania, and Russia between roughly the 16th and 18th centuries.

Second Servile War

The Second Servile War (104–100 BC) was a major slave revolt in Roman Sicily led by Salvius/Tryphon and Athenion, triggered by the enslavement of allied citizens, and crushed by consul Manius Aquillius.

Oct 15, 2026

Second Severn Crossing

The Second Severn Crossing, officially the M4 Prince of Wales Bridge, is a road bridge carrying the M4 motorway across the River Severn between England and Wales.

Second Shehbaz Sharif government

Second Shehbaz Sharif government: Pakistan's PML-N-led federal coalition formed after the disputed February 2024 election; cabinet sworn in 11 March 2024 with PPP and six smaller parties, secured a $7 billion IMF EFF, and launched the Economic Governance Reforms and Uraan program.

Second Shot at Love (술꾼도시여자들2-style)

Second Shot at Love (금주를 부탁해), 2025 tvN K-drama; 12 episodes May 12 to June 17, 2025; Choi Soo-young plays mechanic Han Geum-ju fighting alcohol dependency; Gong Myoung plays teetotaler doctor Seo Ui-jun; finale rated 3.6 percent; not Work Later, Drink Now 2.

Second siege of Jinju

The Second siege of Jinju (제2차 진주성 전투) was a 1593 Imjin War battle in which about 93,000 Japanese troops stormed Jinju Fortress and massacred roughly 60,000 people inside.