All articles starting with S
44,216 articles
Self-improving collodion baby
Self-improving collodion baby (self-healing collodion baby, SICI/SHCB) is a mild autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis variant in which the collodion membrane sheds within weeks, caused mainly by ALOX12B, TGM1, and ALOXE3 mutations.
Self-improving dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
Self-improving dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (SI-DEB, transient bullous dermolysis of the newborn) is a rare COL7A1-related DEB subtype with generalized blistering at birth that regresses within 6 to 24 months, caused by transient retention of type VII collagen in basal keratinocytes.
Self-incrimination
Self-incrimination: the privilege against being compelled to be a witness against oneself, grounded in the Fifth Amendment, nemo tenetur maxim, Miranda warnings, Salinas invocation rules, and Canadian and ECHR counterparts.
Self-induced abortion
Self-induced abortion, or self-managed abortion (SMA), is ending a pregnancy outside the formal health care system, typically with self-sourced mifepristone and misoprostol or misoprostol alone; WHO deems it safe in the first 12 weeks, and evidence shows effectiveness comparable to clinic care.
Self-injection-locked laser
A self-injection-locked laser is a laser stabilized by optical feedback from a passive high-Q resonant cavity, typically a WGM microresonator, yielding chip-scale lasers with sub-hertz linewidths.
Self-instruct
Self-instruct is a method in which a language model generates its own instruction data for finetuning, introduced in December 2022 and used by Stanford's Alpaca.
Self-interacting dark matter
Self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) is a class of dark matter models in which particles scatter elastically off one another, proposed by Spergel and Steinhardt in 2000.
Self-interaction correction
Self-interaction correction (SIC) is a family of density functional theory methods that removes each electron's spurious self-interaction, first proposed by Perdew and Zunger in 1981 and modernized through FLOSIC.
Self-interference cancellation
Self-interference cancellation is the set of techniques by which a radio receiver removes its own transmitted signal, typically 90 to 120 dB stronger than the desired one, enabling full-duplex operation.
Self-ish
SELF-iSH (2016) is the second album by Will Wood & The Tapeworms, released on Say-10, produced by Kevin Antreassian; a dark cabaret and piano rock concept album, remastered in 2020 and reissued later.
Self-labeling (machine learning)
Self-labeling is a family of semi-supervised machine learning methods in which a model assigns pseudo-labels to unlabeled data and trains on them as ground truth, iterating; FixMatch reached 94.93% accuracy on CIFAR-10 with only 250 labels.
Self-limited epilepsy with autonomic seizures
Self-limited epilepsy with autonomic seizures (SeLEAS), formerly Panayiotopoulos syndrome, is a childhood epilepsy in which seizures begin with vomiting, pallor, and eye deviation, then remit within 1 to 2 years.
Self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes
Self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes, formerly benign rolandic epilepsy or BECTS, is the most common focal epilepsy of childhood, causing brief facial seizures that stop by puberty.
Self-limited infantile epilepsy
Self-limited infantile epilepsy (SeLIE), formerly benign familial infantile seizures, a genetic epilepsy with brief focal seizure clusters from 3 to 20 months, mainly PRRT2-related, resolving spontaneously.
Self-limited neonatal epilepsy
Self-limited neonatal epilepsy (SeLNE), formerly benign familial neonatal seizures, is a KCNQ2/KCNQ3 genetic epilepsy with focal seizures starting days 2-7 of life, remitting by 6 months.
Self-limited neonatal/infantile epilepsy
Self-limited neonatal/infantile epilepsy (SeLFNIE, ORPHA:140927) is a rare autosomal dominant genetic epilepsy with brief focal seizure clusters from the first days to six months, mainly due to SCN2A or KCNQ2 variants, resolving without sequelae.
Self-loosening of bolted joints
Self-loosening of bolted joints is the loss of preload, the initial clamping force in a tightened bolt-nut assembly, during service under vibration, impact, or thermal loads, and a main cause of failure in dynamically loaded connections.
Self-love
Self-love: healthy self-regard studied in psychology mainly as self-compassion (Neff's six-element model), distinguished from self-esteem, with roots in Aristotle, Fromm, and Metta practice.
Self-Made Man (book)
Self-Made Man (2006) is Norah Vincent's immersion-journalism memoir of 18 months living as a man, "Ned," joining a bowling league, dating, and infiltrating a monastery; a New York Times bestseller from Viking.
Self-Management
Self-management: the tasks and skills (medical, role, emotional management; problem solving, action planning) by which people with chronic conditions manage their illness, plus the education programs and support interventions, lay-led or professional, built to improve them.
Self-mixing interferometry
Self-mixing interferometry (SMI), also called laser feedback interferometry, is an optical technique in which light reflected from a target re-enters the laser cavity, encoding displacement, vibration, and velocity.
Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology
Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.) is a system built into hard drives and SSDs that reports internal indicators of drive reliability, adopted by the industry in the 1990s.
Self-motion manifold
A self-motion manifold is the set of all joint configurations placing a robot's end-effector at the same pose, organizing the infinite solutions of redundant manipulator inverse kinematics.
Self-optimizing flow reactors
Self-optimizing flow reactors are automated continuous-flow reactors that choose and run their own experiments, using in-line analytics and feedback algorithms to optimize reactions without human intervention.
Self-organization
Self-organization, coined by W. Ross Ashby in cybernetics, is the spontaneous emergence of system-level patterns from component interactions without external control, as in flocks of birds and convection cells.
Self-organized criticality
Self-organized criticality, also called self-organizing criticality, is a property of dissipative systems that reach a critical state without fine-tuning, proposed by Bak, Tang, and Wiesenfeld in 1987.
Self-organized task allocation
Self-organized task allocation is a method by which robots or social-insect workers divide tasks through local decisions alone, each responding when a task's stimulus exceeds its internal threshold.
Self-organizing map
A self-organizing map, or Kohonen map, is an unsupervised neural network, introduced by Teuvo Kohonen in 1982, that maps high-dimensional data onto a grid so similar inputs neighbor each other.
Self-organizing network
A self-organizing network (SON) is a set of automated functions for planning, configuring, optimizing, and healing mobile radio access networks, standardized by 3GPP beginning with LTE in Release 8.
Self-ownership
Self-ownership: the moral thesis that each person holds ownership-style rights over her own body, labor, and person. Central to libertarianism via Locke and Nozick, contested by G. A. Cohen; alternatives include personal sovereignty and limited-ownership views.