All articles starting with S
44,216 articles
Semi-autonomous teleoperation
Semi-autonomous teleoperation, also known as shared control, is a mode of robot teleoperation where robot autonomy handles obstacle avoidance and local perception while the human operator retains high-level decision-making and mission planning.
Semi-batch reactor
A semi-batch reactor, also called a fed-batch reactor, is a chemical reactor with one reactant fed continuously while other components are handled in batch, common in chemical processing.
Semi-blind channel estimation
Semi-blind channel estimation estimates wireless channels by combining a few known pilot symbols with blind information from the data itself, resolving the ambiguities of fully blind methods while saving bandwidth.
Semi-Charmed Life
Semi-Charmed Life: 1997 lead single by Third Eye Blind from their debut album, an upbeat alternative rock hit whose lyrics describe crystal meth addiction; topped Billboard Modern Rock Tracks.
Semi-decidability
Semi-decidability, also known as recursive enumerability, is a property of decision problems in computability theory: a procedure halts on yes instances but may run forever on no instances.
Semi-detached
A semi-detached house, also called a twin house, is a dwelling sharing one common wall with a single neighboring house, the pair forming a block of two.
Semi-empirical mass formula
The semi-empirical mass formula, or Bethe–Weizsäcker formula, is a nuclear physics equation that approximates a nucleus's binding energy from its mass number and atomic number.
Semi-implicit method
A semi-implicit method is a time-integration scheme for differential equations that treats stiff terms implicitly and the rest explicitly, gaining stability while avoiding iterative solvers.
Semi-log plot
A semi-log plot, or log-linear plot, is a graph with one logarithmic axis and one linear axis, used to show wide-ranging data and straighten exponential curves.
Semi-major and semi-minor axes
The semi-major and semi-minor axes are the half-lengths of an ellipse's longest and shortest diameters, meeting at right angles at its center, with the semi-major axis measuring orbital size.
Semi-Markov model
A semi-Markov model is a multistate stochastic process whose next transition depends on how long it has spent in the current state, relaxing the Markov model's memoryless sojourn times.
Semi-Markov process
A semi-Markov process is a stochastic process whose visited states form a Markov chain, but whose holding times in each state follow arbitrary distributions rather than exponential ones.
Semi-Pelagianism
Semi-Pelagianism, also called Massilianism, is a fifth- and sixth-century Christian teaching from southern Gaul holding that the beginning of faith can arise from unaided free will, with grace completing salvation.
Semi-presidential republic
Semi-presidential republic: a government combining a popularly elected fixed-term president with a prime minister and cabinet accountable to parliament. Originating in France's 1958 Fifth Republic, it splits into premier-presidential and president-parliamentary sub-types with differing democratic performance.
Semi-Pro
Semi-Pro is a 2008 American sports comedy directed by Kent Alterman and starring Will Ferrell as Jackie Moon, owner and coach of the worst team in the American Basketball Association.
Semi-proportional voting systems
Semi-proportional voting systems are multi-winner electoral rules, including SNTV, limited vote, and cumulative voting, whose results can approach proportional representation but are not designed to guarantee it.
Semi-rational design
Semi-rational design is a protein engineering strategy combining rational choice of mutation sites with randomization or screening, using small libraries to improve enzyme properties such as activity and thermostability.
Semi-solid flow battery
A semi-solid flow battery (SSFB) is a flow battery that stores energy as particles suspended in a liquid electrolyte, first demonstrated at MIT in 2011.
Semi-solid metal casting
Semi-solid metal casting, also called thixoforming, is a metal forming process that shapes alloy as a slurry between solid and liquid, pioneered at MIT in 1971.
Semi-stochastic full configuration interaction quantum Monte Carlo
Semi-stochastic full configuration interaction quantum Monte Carlo, or semi-stochastic FCIQMC, is a variant of the FCIQMC electronic-structure method that splits the basis into a deterministic space and a larger stochastic space.
Semi-structured data
Semi-structured data is data with some structure beyond plain text, such as tags or nested fields, but no fixed schema; XML and JSON are the most widespread formats.
Semi-structured interview
Semi-structured interview (SSI), also called qualitative or thematic interview: a research method using a prepared guide of open-ended questions while allowing flexible probing, follow-ups, and topic changes; standard in qualitative social science, rooted in Merton and Kendall's 1946 focused interview.
Semi-submersible platform
A semi-submersible platform is a floating offshore structure whose submerged pontoons and widely spaced columns give low motions and high stability for deepwater drilling and production.
Semi-supervised clustering
Semi-supervised clustering is a machine learning method that groups data using must-link and cannot-link constraints or labeled seeds; canonical algorithms include COP-K-Means, seeded k-means, and MPCK-Means.
Semi-supervised learning
Semi-supervised learning is a machine learning approach that trains on a small labeled dataset together with a large unlabeled one, improving accuracy when labels are expensive to obtain.
Semi-Tough
Semi-Tough is a 1977 American sports comedy film directed by Michael Ritchie, based on Dan Jenkins' novel and starring Burt Reynolds, Kris Kristofferson, and Jill Clayburgh.
Semi-trailer
A semi-trailer is a freight trailer whose front rests on a tractor's fifth wheel, so the tractor bears part of its weight; the main North American freight hauler.
Semi-trailer truck
A semi-trailer truck, also called a big rig or articulated lorry, is a truck tractor coupled to a trailer whose weight partly rests on the tractor.
Semi-transparent perovskite solar cell
A semi-transparent perovskite solar cell (ST-PSC) generates electricity from a metal halide perovskite absorber while transmitting visible light, serving solar windows, building-integrated photovoltaics, and tandem solar cells.
Semi-variable cost
A semi-variable cost, also called a mixed or semi-fixed cost, contains both fixed and variable components, so it changes with activity but not in direct proportion, like an electricity bill.