All articles starting with S
44,216 articles
ShareGPT
ShareGPT is an inactive browser plugin that let users share ChatGPT conversations; 90,000 published conversations trained open models like Vicuna in the 2023–2024 instruction-tuning era.
Shareholder
A shareholder, also called a stockholder, is a person or entity that holds shares of stock in a company, giving rights to dividends, information, and voting in shareholder meetings.
Shareholder activism
Shareholder activism is the practice of investors using their shareholdings to press a company's board and management for changes, a major corporate-governance force since the 2000s.
Shareholder primacy
Shareholder primacy is the principle that corporate managers should maximize profits for shareholders, a norm popularized by Milton Friedman in 1970 and enforced through markets rather than legal duty.
Shareholder rights plan
A shareholder rights plan, or poison pill, is a takeover defense issuing one right per share that dilutes any acquirer crossing a trigger threshold, typically 10-20%. Invented by Martin Lipton, first adopted by Household International in 1984, upheld in Moran v. Household International (1985).
SHAREit
SHAREit (茄子快传) is a free cross-platform file-transfer app that sends files over direct Wi-Fi without mobile data; launched by Lenovo in 2012, it once reported 1.5 billion users.
SharePoint
SharePoint is a Microsoft collaboration and document management platform that organizes content into web-based sites; it comes as a Microsoft 365 cloud service and as SharePoint Server.
Shares outstanding
Shares outstanding, also called outstanding stock, are the shares of a company's stock held by all investors, excluding treasury stock; they serve as the denominator for earnings per share and market capitalization.
Shareware
Shareware is copyrighted software distributed free of charge for trial, with continued users expected to pay the author a registration fee; it flourished from the early 1980s to the mid-1990s.
Sharfuddin Yahya Maneri
Sharfuddin Yahya Maneri (مخدوم شرف الدین یحییٰ منیری) was a Sufi saint, scholar, and Persian author of the Firdausiyya order who lived in Bihar under the Delhi Sultanate.
Sharh
Sharh (شرح) is the Arabic scholarly genre of commentary, in which an author explains a base text verse by verse, from the Quran to grammar and poetry.
Sharhabil Ya'fur
Sharhabil Ya'fur (Šaraḥbiʾil Yaʿfur) was a Ḥimyarite king of Sabaʾ, dhu-Raydan, Ḥaḍramawt, and Yamanat in Yemen, son of Abkarib As'ad, attested by a dated inscription of Ḥimyarite year 572.
Shari Belafonte
Shari Lynn Belafonte (born 1954, New York City), American actress, model, singer, and photographer, daughter of Harry Belafonte; played Julie Gillette on ABC's Hotel (1983–1988) and Julia on The Morning Show; over 300 magazine covers including five Vogue covers shot by Richard Avedon.
Shari Headley
Shari Headley, born 1964 in Queens, New York, is an American actress known for Lisa McDowell in Coming to America (1988) and Coming 2 America (2021), Mimi Frye on All My Children, and two NAACP Image Award nominations.
Shari Lewis
Shari Lewis (Phyllis Naomi Hurwitz, 1933/1934–1998), American ventriloquist and puppeteer, creator of sock puppet Lamb Chop; twelve Emmys, Peabody, NBC and PBS children's television, conductor.
Shari Liu
Shari Liu is a cognitive scientist who studies how infants reason about other people's actions, known for a 2017 Science study showing ten-month-olds infer goal value from effort.
Shari Redstone
Shari Redstone, American media executive, president of National Amusements and former non-executive chair of Paramount Global (formerly ViacomCBS); daughter of Sumner Redstone, merged CBS and Viacom in 2019 and sold Paramount to Skydance in 2024.
Shari Sebbens
Shari Sebbens (born 1985) is a Bardi Jabirr Jabirr Australian actor and theatre director from Darwin, known for Kay in The Sapphires, a 2013 Logie for Redfern Now, the STC Richard Wherrett Fellowship, and directing Fences and City of Gold.
Shari'a codification under the Sokoto Caliphate
Shari'a codification under the Sokoto Caliphate was the elaboration of Islamic law as the governing framework of the Sokoto Caliphate, founded after the 1804 jihad.
Sharia (شريعة)
Sharia (شريعة), also known as Sharia law, is the Islamic law derived from the Qur'an and the Prophet Muhammad's example, covering ritual, ethics, finance, and family matters.
Sharia courts in the Philippines
Sharia courts in the Philippines are special courts applying the 1977 Code of Muslim Personal Laws to Filipino Muslims' family and personal disputes; 5 district and 51 circuit courts, now expanding under the Bangsamoro Organic Law with a Shari'ah High Court.
Shariatpur
Shariatpur (শরীয়তপুর) is a district in Dhaka Division, Bangladesh, named after Faraizi leader Haji Shariatullah; made a district in 1984, area 1,272 sq km, 2022 population 1,294,561, on the Padma River with severe bank erosion.
Sharice Davids
Sharice Davids, Ho-Chunk Nation member, Democrat representing Kansas's 3rd District since 2019; former MMA fighter, Cornell Law graduate, White House Fellow, one of first two Native American women in Congress.
Sharif (شريف)
Sharif (شريف, plural ashrāf) is an Arabic honorific meaning "noble" for people claiming descent from Muhammad through Fatima; sharifian families ruled Mecca's Sharifate until 1925.
Sharif Ali
Sharif Ali, also written Syarif Ali and known as Sultan Berkat, was the third Sultan of Brunei who reigned from 1425 to 1432 and consolidated Islamization.
Sharif family
Sharif family of Lahore, Punjab, a Pakistani political dynasty controlling the PML-N alongside the Bhutto family; industrialists via Ittefaq Group, with Nawaz Sharif three-time and Shehbaz Sharif two-time prime minister.
Sharif Kabungsuwan
Sharif Kabungsuwan, also called Muhammad Kabunsuan, was a Muslim missionary of Arab descent through Johore who brought Islam to Mindanao's Pulangi river valley and founded the Sultanate of Maguindanao in the early sixteenth century.
Sharif Kunjahi
Sharif Kunjahi (شریف کنجاہی) was a Pakistani poet and translator remembered as a founder of modern Punjabi poetry; he translated the Quran into Punjabi in 1997.
Sharif Masahor
Sharif Masahor, also written Syarif Masahor, was a 19th-century Malay chief of Sarikei on the Rejang River in Sarawak who led resistance against Brooke rule and was exiled in 1861.
Sharif Sabir
Sharif Sabir (شریف صابر; 1928–2015) was a Pakistani Punjabi scholar, poet, translator, and editor, best known for his critical edition of the classic Punjabi epic Heer Waris Shah.