All articles starting with S
44,216 articles
Shortbus
Shortbus is a 2006 comedy-drama by John Cameron Mitchell about New Yorkers at a Brooklyn sex salon, featuring unsimulated sex, an open internet casting call, a Cannes 2006 premiere, and a 2022 rerelease.
Shortcake
Shortcake: a sweet, fat-shortened crumbly biscuit or cake, split and filled with fruit and cream; American strawberry shortcake dates to 1847, with British shortbread and Japanese sponge-cake variants.
Shortcrust pastry
Shortcrust pastry (short pastry): a basic crumbly pastry of half fat to flour by weight with a little cold water, rubbed in to limit gluten. Used for pies, tarts, quiches, and Cornish pasties; blind baked for wet fillings.
Shortcuts to adiabaticity
Shortcuts to adiabaticity are fast driving protocols, named in Chen et al. (2010), that reproduce the final state of a slow adiabatic quantum process in a shorter, finite time.
Shortening
Shortening: a word with several senses. In cooking, butter or fat that makes dough crumbly (noun by 1796); in husbandry, scrotal shortening (cryptorchid) and tail docking; in meat science, cold shortening; in linguistics, abbreviation.
Shortening osteotomy
Shortening osteotomy is a reconstructive operation that removes a segment of a long bone to shorten the limb, most often to equalize leg lengths or correct deformity.
Shortest path algorithm
Shortest path algorithms find minimum cost routes through weighted graphs, applying to network protocols and traffic planning. They are typically organized into single-source (SSSP) or all-pairs (APSP) problems.
Shortest path problem
The shortest path problem, also called the single-pair shortest-path problem, asks for a minimum-weight path between two vertices in a weighted graph, underlying routing and pathfinding systems.
Shortest vector problem
The shortest vector problem (SVP) is the computational problem of finding the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice, a problem NP-hard to approximate and central to post-quantum cryptography.
Shortfin mako shark
Shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus), also called mako or blue pointer: a fast lamnid shark up to 4 m, IUCN Vulnerable, overfished in the Atlantic but increasing in the North Pacific.
Shorthand
Shorthand: abbreviated writing systems for recording speech quickly, from Roman Tironian notes to Pitman (1837), Gregg (1888), and Teeline; still required in UK journalism and used in courts.
Shortland Street
Shortland Street is New Zealand's longest-running television drama, a prime-time hospital soap opera first aired on TV2 on 25 May 1992, produced by South Pacific Pictures, originally NZ On Air funded, and famous for "You're not in Guatemala now, Dr Ropata."
Shortness of breath
Shortness of breath (dyspnea) is subjective breathing discomfort from heart, lung, neuromuscular, or anxiety causes, driven by neuromechanical dissociation, measured by self-report scales like mMRC and Borg, and treated by addressing the underlying disease.
Shorts
Shorts, also called short trousers or short pants, are garments that cover the pelvis and upper legs, sometimes to the knee, and are typically worn in warm weather.
Shorts Ground Cover Garden
Shorts Ground Cover Garden, a 1992 groundcover display garden at Bellevue Botanical Garden, Washington, created from Harriet Shorts' idea, renovated and dedicated to her in 2002, with a recirculated stream and Tateuchi Pavilion.
Shortstop
Shortstop: baseball defensive infielder between second and third base, scoring position 6. Most demanding infield position; formalized by Doc Adams around 1845-46, Dickey Pearce made it a fourth infielder.
Shortugai
Shortugai (Shortughai) is a Bronze Age settlement of six mounds on the Amu Darya in Takhar Province, Afghanistan, founded by Indus-valley colonists around 2200 BC and the outermost known site of the Indus civilization.
Shortwave infrared
Shortwave infrared (SWIR) is an infrared band between near- and mid-infrared, most commonly 1.4 to 3 µm, used in satellite imaging, night vision, and industrial inspection.
Shortwave radiation
Shortwave radiation is the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the Sun, roughly 0.1 to 5 micrometers covering ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared light, and is the primary energy input to Earth's climate system.
Shortwave radio
Shortwave radio, also known as world band or SW radio, transmits in the 3 to 30 MHz band; signals refract from the ionosphere, enabling cheap long-distance international broadcasting.
Shortwave trough
A shortwave trough, also simply called a shortwave, is a disturbance in the mid or upper atmosphere that induces upward motion ahead of it, often aiding thunderstorm development.
Shorty Awards
The Shorty Awards, or The Shortys, are annual international awards founded in 2008 as the first to honor social media excellence, now covering digital media, marketing, and creators, judged by the Real Time Academy alongside the Shorty Impact Awards.
Shorty Hunt
Shorty Hunt (George Elwood Hunt, Jr., 1916–1999), American rower, six seat of the University of Washington eight that won 1936 Olympic gold in Berlin; later a Seattle builder and Seabee.
Shorui Awaremi no Rei
Shorui Awaremi no Rei (生類憐みの令), the Orders on Compassion for Living Things, was a series of animal-protection edicts issued in Edo Japan from 1685 to 1709 under the fifth shogun, Tokugawa Tsunayoshi.
Shorya Awtar
Shorya Awtar is a University of Michigan mechanical engineer known for FlexDex, a low-cost mechanical laparoscopic surgical instrument, and elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2023.
Shōryōshū
Shōryōshū (性霊集), fully Henjō Hokki Shōryōshū, is a ten-volume collection of Chinese-language poetry and prose by the Japanese Buddhist monk Kūkai, compiled by his disciple Shinzei around 835.
Shosagoto
Shosagoto (所作事), also called furigoto, is the kabuki dance drama category, in which stories are told chiefly through dance and gesture to music with little spoken dialogue.
Shosaku Numa
Shosaku Numa (沼 正作, 1929–1992) was a Japanese molecular biochemist, professor at Kyoto University from 1968, who pioneered recombinant DNA study of receptors and ion channels.
Shōsetsu
Shōsetsu (小説) is the Japanese word for the novel and prose fiction, rebuilt in the Meiji era (1868–1912) as a translation of the English word novel.
Shōsetsu Gendai
Shōsetsu Gendai (小説現代, "Contemporary Fiction") is a monthly Japanese fiction magazine published by Kodansha in Tokyo since February 1963, relaunched in 2020 around complete one-shot novels.