All articles starting with S

Silica in Equisetum: deposition and biomineralization

Silica in Equisetum (horsetails): amorphous SiO2 biomineralization from silicic acid, up to 25% of dry matter, deposited via callose templating and NIP aquaporin transporters, distinguishing horsetails from grasses.

Silica modulus

The silica modulus, also called the silica ratio, is a control index in cement manufacturing, defined as the mass ratio of silica to combined alumina and iron oxide.

Silica scaling geothermal

Silica scaling in geothermal power plants is the deposition of solid silica from cooling, depressurized brine on wellbores, piping, and injection wells, often forcing plants to limit output or shut down.

Silica–gold nanoshell therapy

Silica–gold nanoshell therapy, known as AuroLase therapy using AuroShell particles, is an investigational cancer treatment in which infused gold-coated silica nanoparticles destroy tumor cells when heated by near-infrared laser light.

Silicalite-1

Silicalite-1, also called S-1, is a pure-silica MFI zeolite molecular sieve with 10-ring channels, reported in 1978, and used for ethanol/water separation membranes and organic adsorption.

Silicate

A silicate is a mineral or compound built from SiO4 tetrahedra, one silicon bonded to four oxygen atoms; silicates make up over 90% of Earth's crust.

Silicate cement

Silicate cement is a translucent dental restorative material developed in England in 1873 and used mainly in anterior teeth, later replaced by glass-ionomer cement developed in the late 1960s.

Silicate cloud weather in brown dwarfs

Silicate cloud weather in brown dwarfs is weather from clouds of magnesium and iron silicates in the atmospheres of brown dwarfs, studied through JWST variability monitoring.

Silicene

Silicene is a two-dimensional allotrope of silicon with a buckled honeycomb lattice, analogous to graphene. It cannot be exfoliated from bulk silicon and is grown epitaxially on substrates.

Silicic acid

Silicic acid, formerly orthosilicic acid, is a weak silicon oxoacid with formula Si(OH)₄ and is the main dissolved form of silicon in natural waters and oceans.

Silicidation

Silicidation is a semiconductor fabrication process in which a deposited metal film reacts with silicon at high temperature to form a low-resistivity silicide used on transistor source, drain, and gate regions.

Silicide thermoelectrics

Silicide thermoelectrics are thermoelectric materials based on compounds of silicon with metals, such as Mg2(Si,Sn) and manganese silicide, developed for low-cost waste-heat power generation using abundant, non-toxic elements.

Oct 20, 2026

SILICOFCM trial

SILICOFCM (NCT03832660) was a phase II randomized open-label trial of sacubitril/valsartan versus lifestyle intervention in nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; 115 patients randomized, 16-week treatment did not improve peak VO2, structure, or function.

Silicon

Silicon (symbol Si, atomic number 14) is a metalloid that makes up 27.7% of Earth's crust and serves as the dominant semiconductor in microelectronics and solar cells.

Silicon anode

A silicon anode is a lithium-ion battery electrode using silicon instead of graphite, storing roughly ten times more lithium but limited by its large volume change.

Silicon carbide

Silicon carbide (SiC) is a hard compound of silicon and carbon, used as an abrasive and refractory ceramic and in high-power electronics; its rare natural form is moissanite.

Silicon carbide divacancy qubit

The silicon carbide divacancy qubit is a spin-1 quantum bit from a missing silicon and carbon atom pair in SiC, coherent for seconds and suited to quantum networks.

Silicon carbide MOSFET

A silicon carbide MOSFET is a power transistor built on wide-bandgap silicon carbide, giving lower on-resistance and faster switching than silicon, with first commercial devices sold from 2010.

Silicon carbide wafer

A silicon carbide wafer is a thin disc of single-crystal 4H-SiC serving as the substrate for SiC power and radio-frequency devices, which handle higher voltages and temperatures than silicon allows.

Silicon controlled rectifier

The silicon controlled rectifier, also called a thyristor, is a p-n-p-n semiconductor device introduced by General Electric in 1957 that latches on when triggered by a gate current.

Silicon dangling-bond logic

Silicon dangling-bond logic, also called SiDB logic or Binary Atomic Silicon Logic (BASiL), is an experimental computing technology where single silicon atoms act as bits, first demonstrated in 2018.

Silicon dendritic web and ribbon growth

Silicon dendritic web and ribbon growth are crystal growth methods that pull a thin self-supporting silicon sheet directly from the melt, chiefly to make solar cell wafers without sawing.

Silicon dioxide

Silicon dioxide (SiO2), also called silica, is a compound of silicon and oxygen occurring naturally as quartz and serving as the raw material for glass, ceramics, and foundry casting.

Silicon donor qubits

Silicon donor qubits are quantum bits encoded in the electron and nuclear spins of phosphorus impurity atoms in isotopically purified silicon-28, with record coherence times.

Silicon Graphics

Silicon Graphics (SGI) was an American computer company founded in 1982 by James Clark that built high-performance workstations and servers for 3D graphics, used for Hollywood visual effects, and created OpenGL.

Silicon heterojunction solar cell

A silicon heterojunction (SHJ), or HJT, solar cell is a crystalline-silicon cell whose junctions are thin amorphous-silicon films; Kaneka's 26.7% IBC cell set a record certified in 2017.

Silicon ingot

A silicon ingot is a bulk mass of solid silicon, grown as a single crystal or multicrystalline block, that is sliced into wafers for chips and solar cells.

Silicon Integrated Systems

Silicon Integrated Systems (SiS; 矽统科技) is a Taiwanese chip designer founded in 1987 in Hsinchu, known for PC core-logic chipsets and now touch and battery-management ICs.

Silicon interposer

A silicon interposer is a piece of silicon in a 2.5D chip package that provides high-density electrical connections between dies, such as logic chiplets and HBM memory.