All articles starting with S
44,216 articles
Salivation
Salivation, the discharge of saliva from the salivary glands, keeps the mouth moist and aids digestion; healthy adults secrete about 0.3-0.4 mL/min unstimulated and 1-3 mL/min stimulated, under autonomic control.
Salix
Salix (willows) is the largest genus of Salicaceae, 475 accepted species of dioecious catkin-bearing trees and shrubs native from subarctic to tropical mountains, source of salicin and willow bark medicine.
Salix × fragilis
Salix × fragilis (crack willow, brittle willow) is a hybrid willow, S. alba × S. euxina, native to Türkiye and naturalized worldwide; a 2009 redefinition and 2022 challenge surround its name.
Salix × rubra
Salix × rubra Huds. (green-leaved willow, Welsh Helygen Werdd) is a European hybrid willow, S. purpurea × S. viminalis, published 1762, a temperate shrub or small tree with linear-lanceolate leaves.
Salix alba
Salix alba, white willow, is a 25 m Eurasian Salicaceae tree with silky silvery leaf undersides, dioecious catkins, salicin-rich bark used to develop aspirin, and rare hybridization with S. fragilis.
Salix babylonica
Salix babylonica, the weeping willow or Babylon weeping willow, is a Salicaceae tree native to northern and eastern China and Korea, named by Linnaeus in 1753, widely planted as an ornamental and invasive in parts of South Africa, Australia, and Florida.
Salix caprea
Salix caprea (goat willow, pussy willow), a dioecious Eurasian pioneer willow described by Linnaeus in 1753, flowering in early spring; introduced and naturalized in North America and assessed for weed risk in Australia.
Salix herbacea
Salix herbacea (dwarf willow, snowbed willow), a dioecious clonal dwarf willow of subarctic and subalpine Europe and North America, forming mats under 10 cm, common in snowbeds, sensitive to earlier snowmelt.
Salix nigra
Salix nigra (black willow, swamp willow) is the largest and only commercially important North American willow, a fast-growing, short-lived dioecious tree of eastern US, Canadian, and Mexican floodplains, IUCN Least Concern, widely used for streambank stabilization.
Salix purpurea
Salix purpurea (purple willow, purple osier) is a Eurasian and North African willow shrub, 1–6 m, with opposite narrow leaves and fused stamens, cultivated for basketry osiers and salicin-rich bark (4–8%), IUCN Least Concern, diploid 2n=38.
Salix viminalis
Salix viminalis (common osier, basket willow, 吐兰柳), a Linnaean 1753 willow of Salicaceae native from Central Europe to Siberia and Xinjiang, grown for basketry, bioenergy coppice hybrids, and phytoremediation of metals and organic pollutants.
Salk Institute for Biological Studies
Salk Institute for Biological Studies: independent nonprofit biological research institute founded 1960 by Jonas Salk in La Jolla, California; Louis Kahn-designed landmark campus, NCI-designated basic cancer center, discoveries in phosphorylation, neurohormones, and neurogenesis.
Salkhityn Am
Salkhityn Am (Салхитын ам) is an Early Xiongnu cemetery in Rashaant soum, Khövsgöl Province, northern Mongolia, excavated 2010–2012 under S. Ulziibayar; 31 tombs, distinctive horse offerings, Grave 7 mirror, and 11 sequenced genomes.
Sall Grover
Sall Grover is an Australian technology founder and former Hollywood screenwriter who created the women-only app Giggle and lost the Tickle v Giggle discrimination case, ending with the app defunct.
SALL4
SALL4 (spalt like transcription factor 4, HSAL4) is a zinc finger transcription factor gene on 20q13.2 governing embryonic stem cell pluripotency; pathogenic variants cause Duane-radial ray (Okihiro) syndrome, and re-expression drives several cancers.
Sallah
Sallah, full name Sallah Mohammed Faisel el-Kahir, is a fictional Egyptian excavator and close ally of Indiana Jones, portrayed by John Rhys-Davies in three films.
Sallam al-Tarjuman
Sallam al-Tarjuman (سلام الترجمان) was a ninth-century interpreter in the service of the Abbasid caliph al-Wathiq, sent around 842–845 to inspect the legendary barrier holding back Gog and Magog.
Sallarid dynasty
The Sallarid dynasty (سالاریان), also called the Musafirids, was a Daylamite dynasty from Tarom that ruled Azerbaijan, Arran, and eastern Armenia from the 920s to 1062.
Salle Le Peletier
Salle Le Peletier, also known as the Opéra Le Peletier, was the Paris Opéra's home on the rue Le Peletier from 1821 until it burned in 1873.
Sallekhana (सल्लेखना)
Sallekhana (सल्लेखना), also called santhara or samadhi-marana, is a Jain religious practice of gradually giving up food and drink to die in a ritual state of mind.
Salli Richardson
Salli Richardson (Salli Richardson-Whitfield), born 1967 in Chicago, is an American actress turned Emmy-nominated TV director: Eureka's Allison Blake, Gargoyles' Elisa Maza, and the first Black woman nominated for Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series.
Sallie Mae
Sallie Mae, formally SLM Corporation, is an American private student lender whose Sallie Mae Bank makes and holds private student loans; it split from federal-loan servicer Navient in 2014.
Sallie W. Chisholm
Sallie "Penny" W. Chisholm (born 1947), MIT Institute Professor, discovered Prochlorococcus, Earth's most abundant photosynthetic organism, using flow cytometry in the 1980s; National Medal of Science 2011, Crafoord Prize 2019, opponent of ocean fertilization.
Salliyargal
Salliyargal (சல்லியர்கள்), a 2024 Tamil war drama directed by T. Kittu, released 1 January 2026, about doctors treating allies and enemies in an underground bunker during the Tamil Eelam war.
Sallust
Sallust (Gaius Sallustius Crispus, 86–35 BCE) was a Roman historian and politician who retired under Julius Caesar's patronage to write histories of Catiline's conspiracy and the Jugurthine War.
Sallustian historiography
Sallustian historiography is the historical writing and method of Sallust (86–35 BCE), the earliest Roman historian whose works survive, known for monographs on Catiline and Jugurtha.
Sally (name)
Sally is an English feminine given name that originated as a pet form of Sarah, the Hebrew name meaning "princess", and has also long been used as an independent name.
Sally Ann Howes
Sally Ann Howes (1930–2021), English actress and singer, Truly Scrumptious in Chitty Chitty Bang Bang; replaced Julie Andrews as Eliza Doolittle on Broadway; Tony-nominated for Brigadoon.
Sally Bercow
Sally Bercow (Sally Ilman, born 1969) is an English media personality and Labour activist, wife of Commons Speaker John Bercow; Celebrity Big Brother 2011 contestant and loser of the 2013 McAlpine libel case.
Sally Blower
Sally Blower is a mathematical modeller of infectious disease who directs the Center for Biomedical Modeling at UCLA, known for transmission models of HIV, drug resistance, and tuberculosis.