All articles starting with S

Smooth muscle

Smooth muscle: involuntary, non-striated muscle of hollow organs and vessels; single-unit and multi-unit types; myosin light chain phosphorylation via Ca2+-calmodulin-MLCK; latch state sustains tone cheaply; VSMC plasticity drives vascular disease.

Smooth muscle cell

Smooth muscle cell (SMC, CL:0000192): non-striated, spindle-shaped involuntary muscle cell with one central nucleus, 30-200 μm long, lining hollow organs and blood vessels; contracts via calmodulin-MLCK myosin phosphorylation and latch-bridge tone.

Smooth muscle cell apoptotic process

Smooth muscle cell apoptotic process (GO:0034390, SMC apoptosis): regulated programmed cell death in smooth muscle cells, central to vascular remodeling, atherosclerosis, aneurysm, and hypertension, and modulated by statins and antihypertensive drugs.

Smooth Muscle Contraction

Smooth muscle contraction: calcium-calmodulin activation of myosin light-chain kinase phosphorylates myosin regulatory light chains, driving actin-myosin sliding anchored at dense bodies and focal adhesions; also caldesmon pathway, Rho kinase calcium sensitization, latch-bridges.

Smooth newt

Smooth newt (Lissotriton vulgaris, common newt), a small 8–10 cm European salamander; biphasic lifestyle, male breeding crest, spotted throat distinguishing it from the palmate newt.

Smooth Operator

Smooth Operator is a 1984 Sade song written by Sade Adu and Ray St. John for Diamond Life; UK number 19 but US number five on the Hot 100, the band's international breakthrough.

Oct 22, 2026

Smooth overlap of atomic positions

Smooth overlap of atomic positions (SOAP) is a mathematical descriptor that encodes the local atomic environment as a fixed-length vector, serving as the input representation for Gaussian approximation potentials.

Smooth pursuit

Smooth pursuit: continuous eye movement tracking a slowly moving object to hold its image on the fovea; requires a moving target, has 100–125 ms latency, and involves MT/MST, FEF, cerebellum, and vestibular nucleus pathways.

Oct 3, 2026

Smooth Talk

Smooth Talk is Joyce Chopra's 1985 independent drama, also known as an adaptation of Joyce Carol Oates's 'Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?', starring Laura Dern and Treat Williams; it won the 1986 Sundance Grand Jury Prize and received a 4K restoration in 2020.

Smoothbore

A smoothbore is a firearm or gun barrel whose bore is a plain, unrifled tube that imparts no spin, now dominant as the main gun of Western battle tanks.

Smoothed analysis

Smoothed analysis is a framework for analyzing algorithms that measures their performance on inputs perturbed by small random noise, introduced by Spielman and Teng in 2001.

Smoothed ℓ0 minimization

Smoothed ℓ0 minimization, or SL0, is an algorithm for sparse signal reconstruction proposed by Mohimani, Babaie-Zadeh, and Jutten, typically far faster than basis pursuit with equal or better accuracy.

Smoothed-particle hydrodynamics

Smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is a meshfree Lagrangian numerical method that simulates fluid flows using discrete particles, introduced in 1977 for astrophysics and now used across engineering and computer graphics.

Smoothelin

Smoothelin (SMTN, chromosome 22q12.2) is a cytoskeletal protein found only in contractile smooth muscle cells. Isoforms A (59 kDa, visceral) and B (~110 kDa, vascular) arise from dual promoters; used in tumor diagnostics.

SmoothGrad

SmoothGrad is a technique for reducing visual noise in gradient-based saliency maps of neural networks, introduced in 2017 by Daniel Smilkov, Nikhil Thorat, Been Kim, Fernanda Viégas, and Martin Wattenberg.

Smoothie

Smoothie: thick blended drink of fruit or vegetables with juice, milk, or yogurt. Also called frappé aux fruits. Distinct from juice by retained fiber; word dates to 1957, health-drink boom from 1980.

Smoothie King Center

The Smoothie King Center, formerly New Orleans Arena, is an indoor arena in New Orleans and home of the NBA's New Orleans Pelicans, opened in 1999.

Smoothing problem (stochastic processes)

The smoothing problem in stochastic processes estimates a system's state using observations from both before and after that time, giving more accurate estimates than filtering at the cost of extra computation.

Smoothing reactor

A smoothing reactor is a large inductor connected in series at the DC terminal of an HVDC converter station, smoothing current ripple and limiting fault current.

Sep 29, 2026

Smoothing spline

A smoothing spline is a nonparametric regression method that fits a flexible curve to data by minimizing squared errors plus a roughness penalty, with a smoothing parameter controlling wiggliness.

Smoothness

Smoothness is the property of functions and maps having derivatives of all orders that vary continuously, called C-infinity, in contrast to Ck functions with only k continuous derivatives.

SmoothQuant

SmoothQuant is a training-free post-training quantization method enabling 8-bit weight and activation (W8A8) inference for large language models, introduced by MIT and NVIDIA researchers in November 2022.

Smoothstone Lake

Smoothstone Lake is a large, lightly accessed lake in central Saskatchewan, Canada, about 68,959 acres with a 96 km shoreline, a provincial recreation site, and a year-round fishing and hunting lodge.

Smorgon

FC Smorgon (ФК Смаргонь), Belarusian football club from Smarhon founded 1987 as Stankostroitel, renamed 1993; plays in Belarusian First League at Yunost Stadium; Premier League spells 2007-2009 and 2021-2025.

Smørrebrød

Smørrebrød, the Danish open-faced sandwich on rugbrød rye bread, literally 'butter bread'; distinguished from everyday rugbrødsmad, with a documented restaurant tradition from 1883 Nimb and Oskar Davidsen's famous 140 cm menu list.

SMOS (satellite)

SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) is a European Space Agency Earth observation satellite launched in 2009 to measure soil moisture over land and sea surface salinity.

Smosh

Smosh is an American YouTube sketch comedy brand founded in 2005 by Ian Hecox and Anthony Padilla; sold to Defy Media in 2011, bought by Mythical in 2019 for under $10 million, and bought back by its founders in June 2023.

Smosh Games

Smosh Games is Smosh's YouTube gaming channel, created July 7, 2011 and launched September 25, 2012 as a Smosh-ClevverGames venture. Originally video-game focused with Hecox, Padilla, Takahashi, Sohinki, Jovenshire and Lasercorn, it now features the Smosh cast playing board and tabletop games; about 8.63 million subscribers.