All articles starting with S
44,216 articles
Sofoklis Venizelos
Sofoklis Venizelos (Σοφοκλής Βενιζέλος) was a Greek politician, son of Eleftherios Venizelos, who served several terms as Prime Minister of Greece in the 1940s and 1950s.
Sofonisba Anguissola
Sofonisba Anguissola (c. 1532–1625), Cremona-born Renaissance portrait painter; trained under Bernardino Campi and Gatti, admired by Michelangelo and Vasari; lady-in-waiting and painting teacher to Elisabeth of Valois at Philip II's Spanish court; died Palermo 1625.
Sofosbuvir
Sofosbuvir (Sovaldi), Gilead's nucleotide analog NS5B polymerase inhibitor approved by the FDA in December 2013, treats chronic hepatitis C; first all-oral HCV regimen, 400 mg once daily, now available as low-cost generics.
Sofpironium
Sofpironium (sofpironium bromide, BBI-4000; brands Sofdra, ECCLOCK/エクロック) is a topical retrometabolic anticholinergic gel for primary axillary hyperhidrosis, approved in Japan 2020 (5%) and by FDA June 2024 (12.45%).
SOFR
SOFR, the Secured Overnight Financing Rate, is a benchmark rate measuring the cost of overnight borrowing against U.S. Treasury securities, published daily by the New York Fed.
Sofrito
Sofrito is an aromatic flavor base of vegetables and herbs in fat, central to Spanish, Caribbean, and Latin American cooking; Puerto Rican recaíto is its raw green, culantro-based, tomato-free variant.
Sofronio Vasquez
Sofronio Vasquez III (born 1992, Ozamiz, Philippines) is a Filipino pop-R&B singer based in Utica, New York, and winner of The Voice USA Season 26 in December 2024, the first Filipino and first Asian champion, coached by Michael Bublé.
Soft & Quiet
Soft & Quiet is a 2022 American real-time thriller, the feature debut of writer-director Beth de Araújo, about a white supremacist women's group whose store altercation escalates into a home invasion. Shot as a one-take film, released by Momentum Pictures with Blumhouse producing.
Soft Actor-Critic
Soft Actor-Critic (SAC) is an off-policy, maximum-entropy actor-critic deep reinforcement learning algorithm for continuous control, introduced by Haarnoja, Zhou, Abbeel, and Levine at ICML 2018.
Soft agar assay
The soft agar assay is a cell biology method that grows cells suspended in semi-solid agar to test anchorage-independent growth, serving as an in vitro proxy for tumorigenic potential.
Soft and hard cleft palate
Soft and hard cleft palate (ORPHA:664372, ICD-10 Q35.5) is a congenital cleft extending through both the hard and soft palate, multifactorial in origin, causing hypernasal speech, malocclusion, and maxillary hypoplasia, repaired by palatoplasty.
Soft bigotry of low expectations
Political phrase coined by Michael Gerson for George W. Bush's education agenda, describing lowered expectations for disadvantaged children; signature line of No Child Left Behind, later adopted and contested across politics.
Soft budget constraint
A soft budget constraint is a financial condition where an organization overspends expecting the state to cover its losses, a concept introduced by János Kornai in 1979.
Soft carbon
Soft carbon, or graphitizable carbon, is a disordered carbon that converts to graphite when heated above 2500 °C, used as an anode in sodium-ion batteries and as a graphite precursor.
Soft Cell
Soft Cell: English synth-pop duo of Marc Almond and Dave Ball, who met at Leeds Polytechnic in 1977. Known for the 1981 UK Number 1 'Tainted Love', Non-Stop Erotic Cabaret, the 1984 split, 2000s reunion, and final album Danceteria (2026).
Soft clustering
Soft clustering is a family of clustering algorithms that assign each data point a degree of membership in every cluster instead of a single hard label.
Soft corn
Soft corn (heloma molle, interdigital or kissing corn) is a painful, macerated hyperkeratotic lesion between adjacent toes, usually the fourth and fifth, caused by friction between bony prominences and moisture, treated with footwear changes, padding, or surgery.
Soft dipole mode
The soft dipole mode is a low-energy electric dipole excitation in halo nuclei, where weakly bound halo neutrons oscillate against the core, producing enhanced strength near the separation threshold.
Soft dollars
Soft dollars are client brokerage commissions that investment managers use to pay for research and related services instead of paying in cash from their own funds.
Soft drink
Soft drink: nonalcoholic, usually sweetened, often carbonated beverage (soda, pop). Includes sugary and diet sodas like Coca-Cola (1886) and Dr Pepper (1885); linked to obesity, diabetes, and taxed via levies like the UK SDIL.
Soft error
A soft error is a transient, nondestructive circuit fault in which a high-energy particle strike, from cosmic-ray neutrons or alpha particles, changes a memory cell state without damaging hardware.
Soft ExoSuit
The Soft ExoSuit is a clothing-like wearable robot developed at Harvard's Wyss Institute under Conor Walsh that assists walking, best known for improving gait after stroke.
Soft gamma repeater
A soft gamma repeater (SGR) is a neutron star that emits sporadic bursts of soft gamma rays, generally understood to be a magnetar with a magnetic field of roughly 10^14 to 10^15 gauss.
Soft grunge (music)
Soft grunge (music): a 2010s alternative rock style from the emo revival fusing 1990s grunge heaviness with emo introspection; bands include Citizen, Basement, Title Fight, and Balance and Composure, largely on Run For Cover Records; distinct from the Tumblr soft grunge fashion aesthetic.
Soft hair
Soft hair is a proposed set of zero-energy degrees of freedom on a black hole's horizon, proposed by Hawking, Perry, and Strominger in 2016 as a possible carrier of information lost to Hawking radiation.
Soft handover
Soft handover, also written soft handoff, is a make-before-break handover mechanism in CDMA cellular systems in which a mobile communicates with two or more base stations at once.
Soft hyphen
The soft hyphen (U+00AD, SHY) is an invisible Unicode character marking where a word may break, showing a hyphen only if the line breaks there.
Soft independent modeling of class analogy
Soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) is a supervised pattern recognition method in chemometrics, introduced by Svante Wold in 1976, that builds a separate PCA model for each class.
Soft interference cancellation
Soft interference cancellation is an iterative wireless receiver technique that subtracts soft estimates of interfering signals, refining them by exchanging soft information with channel decoders.
Soft ionization
Soft ionization is a family of mass spectrometry ionization techniques, including electrospray ionization (ESI) and MALDI, that preserves intact molecular ions for analysis of large biomolecules.