All articles starting with S
44,216 articles
Sorting network
A sorting network is a fixed arrangement of comparators that sorts every possible input; its comparison order is data independent, making it suited to parallel sorting in hardware.
Sorting Nexin
Sorting nexins (SNXs), a 33-member mammalian protein family defined by phospholipid-binding PX domains, sort endosomal cargo for recycling or degradation; linked to Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and cancer.
Sortino ratio
The Sortino ratio is a risk-adjusted performance measure dividing excess return over a target by downside deviation, introduced by Frank Sortino and Lee Price in 1994.
Sortition
Sortition, also known as stochocracy or selection by lot, is the selection of political officials by random lottery rather than election, used in ancient Athens.
Sørum
Sørum, former municipality in Akershus, Norway, on the Glomma at Romerike; center Sørumsand, 18,263 inhabitants (2019). Merged with Fet and Skedsmo into Lillestrøm kommune on 1 January 2020.
Sørvágsvatn
Sørvágsvatn, also called Leitisvatn or Vatnið, is the largest lake of the Faroe Islands (3.4 km²) on Vágar, famous for the Trælanípa-cliff optical illusion that makes it appear to float above the ocean despite sitting only about 30 m above sea level, draining via Bøsdalafossur.
Sorviodurum
Sorviodurum was a Roman auxiliary fort, civilian settlement, and river port on the Danube in Raetia, at modern Straubing, Germany. Its fort remains have been part of a UNESCO World Heritage site since 2021.
Sory Kandia Kouyaté
Sory Kandia Kouyaté, also credited as El Hadj Sory Kandia Kouyaté, was a Guinean griot, singer, and composer nicknamed "The Voice of the Revolution", who died in 1977.
Sōryū-class submarine
The Sōryū-class submarine is a class of twelve diesel-electric attack submarines operated by the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force since 2009, including the world's first submarines with lithium-ion batteries.
SOS
SOS is the international Morse code distress signal, transmitted as a continuous sequence of three dots, three dashes, and three dots, adopted in Berlin in 1906.
SOS (SZA album)
SOS is SZA's second studio album, released December 9, 2022 on TDE/RCA; 23 tracks, Metacritic 90, first Billboard 200 number one for SZA, Grammy Best Progressive R&B Album, expanded as SOS Deluxe: LANA in 2024.
SOS Deluxe: Lana
SOS Deluxe: Lana (LANA) is SZA's December 20, 2024 reissue of her 2022 album SOS, adding 15 tracks (38 total, later 42), released via TDE/RCA, returning to Billboard 200 #1.
SOS trial (NCT01479452)
SOS trial (NCT01479452), Swedish Obese Subjects study: prospective matched nonrandomized trial of bariatric surgery vs usual care in 4,047 obese adults enrolled 1987–2001, showing reduced mortality (HR 0.71), diabetes incidence, and cancer in women.
SOS1
SOS1 (son of sevenless homolog 1, HGNC:11187, OMIM 182530) is a human Ras/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor gene on 2p22.1 that activates RAS; gain-of-function mutations cause Noonan syndrome and SOS1 inhibitors entered phase I trials in 2022.
SoSafe
SoSafe is a German security-awareness and human-risk-management software company founded in Cologne in 2018, selling subscription phishing simulations and employee training; it raised a $73 million Series B in 2022.
Sōsaku-hanga
Sōsaku-hanga (creative prints) is a Japanese print movement, begun with Kanae Yamamoto in 1904, in which one artist designs, carves, and prints each work, flourishing after World War II.
Sose Mayrig
Sose Mayrig (Սոսե Մայրիկ), born Sose Vartanian in 1868, was an Armenian fedayee fighter and wife of the leader Serob Aghpur, honored as Mayrig, meaning mother.
Sosei
Sosei (素性法師, Sosei Hōshi, "Priest Sosei") was a Japanese waka poet and Buddhist monk of the mid-Heian period, counted among the Thirty-Six Poetic Immortals and represented in the Ogura Hyakunin Isshu.
Sōseki (Mercurian crater)
Sōseki (Soseki) is a 92-km-wide impact crater on Mercury at 39.31°N, 38.77°W, named by the IAU in 1985 for the Japanese novelist Natsume Sōseki (1867–1916), and imaged by MESSENGER.
Soseol
Soseol (소설) is the Korean word for fiction and the novel, spanning Joseon-era old fiction, the new fiction of around 1906, and the modern novel.
Soseono
Soseono (소서노) is a legendary Korean queen of Jolbon, wife of Wutae and then of Goguryeo's founder Jumong, and mother of Baekje's founders Biryu and Onjo.
Soshangane kaZikode
Soshangane kaZikode (uSoshangane kaZikode), born Soshangana Nxumalo, was a Nguni chief who founded the Gaza Empire in southern Africa, ruling it from 1825 until his death in 1858.
Soshanguve
Soshanguve (So-Sha-Ngu-Ve) is a large township about 30-35 km north of Pretoria, Gauteng, in City of Tshwane Region 1. Formerly Mabopane East, renamed 1977 when Bophuthatswana became independent; 403,162 people at the 2011 census, about 906,000 by 2024.
Soshi kaimei
Soshi kaimei (창씨개명) was a Japanese colonial policy, issued by Governor-General Minami Jiro in 1939 and enforced in 1940, requiring Koreans to adopt Japanese-style clan names in their household registers.
Soshi kaimei and shrine worship compulsion
Soshi kaimei and shrine worship compulsion (창씨개명 및 신사참배 강요 사건) refers to Japan's forced adoption of Japanese surnames and Shinto shrine worship in colonial Korea.
Sosibius (minister)
Sosibius (Sosibios) was a Ptolemaic courtier who directed internal and external policy for Ptolemy III and IV. He was a key figure in the Fourth Syrian War.
Sosibius (son of Sosibius)
Sosibius, son of the powerful minister Sosibius, was a Ptolemaic courtier and body-guard of the child king Ptolemy V who helped overthrow Agathocles and was forced from office by Tlepolemus.
Sosie Bacon
Sosie Ruth Bacon, American actress and producer born 1992 in New York, daughter of Kevin Bacon and Kyra Sedgwick; known for 13 Reasons Why, Mare of Easttown, and as Dr. Rose Cotter in Smile (2022), her first un-auditioned lead.
Sosimerasib
Sosimerasib, sold as Jilemei, is an oral small-molecule KRAS G12C inhibitor developed in China and conditionally approved in February 2026 for previously treated advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
Soslan Andiyev
Soslan Andiyev (Сослан Петрович Андиев, 1952-2018), Soviet freestyle wrestler from Vladikavkaz; dominant super-heavyweight of the 1970s with Olympic golds 1976 and 1980, four world titles, and FILA Hall of Fame induction in 2006.