All articles starting with S
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Sources of law
Sources of law, also called fontes juris, are the origins from which legal rules get authority and binding force: legislation, judicial precedent, custom, constitutions, and delegated legislation, divided into primary binding sources and secondary persuasive commentary, ranked in jurisdiction-specific hierarchies.
Sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays
Sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays are astrophysical objects proposed to accelerate charged particles to energies near 10^20 eV, chiefly radio-galaxy jets, AGN cores, and newborn magnetars.
Sourdough
Sourdough is a flour-and-water fermentation of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts used as a natural leavening agent instead of baker's yeast, with pH 3.7-4.2, a roughly 100:1 bacteria-to-yeast ratio, and documented effects on bread flavor, shelf life, and protein digestibility.
Sourigna Vongsa
Sourigna Vongsa was king of Lan Xang from 1637 or 1638 until 1694 or 1695, remembered in Lao chronicles as the kingdom's golden age of peace and prosperity.
Souris
Souris River (riviere Souris), called Mouse River in the United States: a 700 km Saskatchewan-North Dakota-Manitoba tributary of the Assiniboine River, governed by the 1989 Canada-US water supply and flood control agreement.
Soursop
Soursop (Annona muricata, graviola, guanábana) is a tropical Annonaceae tree with large spined green fruit, over 200 phytochemicals including neurotoxic-potential acetogenins, traditional and supplement use against cancer, and no established safe intake level.
Souryam
Souryam (శౌర్యం, "Bravery") is a 2008 Telugu action drama, Siva's directorial debut, produced by V. Anand Prasad on Bhavya Creations, starring Gopichand and Anushka Shetty, music by Mani Sharma, released 25 September 2008 and remade as Vedi and Shourya.
Sous vide
Sous vide (French, "under vacuum") is a cooking method: vacuum-sealed food cooked in a precisely temperature-controlled water bath, typically 65–95 °C, developed in France in the 1960s and popularized by Georges Pralus and Bruno Goussault in 1974.
Sous-chef
Sous-chef, from French sous ("under"), is a professional kitchen's second-in-command who supervises cooks, reports to the head chef, and runs the kitchen in the chef's absence; a rank in the brigade system associated with Escoffier.
Sousa (Mercurian crater)
Sousa is a 120-138 km peak-ring impact crater on Mercury near 46.7°N, 0°E, named for composer John Philip Sousa and approved by the IAU in April 2012, with a lava-flooded floor.
Sousa chinensis
Sousa chinensis, the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin or Chinese white dolphin (中华白海豚), is a Vulnerable coastal dolphin from eastern India to central China; the largest population, about 2,000 dolphins, lives in the Pearl River Estuary near Hong Kong.
Sousândrade
Sousândrade, pen name of Joaquim de Sousa Andrade (1832–1902), was a Brazilian Romantic poet whose epic O Guesa is seen as a precursor of modern poetry.
Sousaphone
Sousaphone: a shoulder-carried B-flat marching tuba with a forward-facing bell, created in the 1890s from John Philip Sousa's design ideas; first built by J.W. Pepper (1893 or 1895), later by C.G. Conn.
Souss-Massa
Souss-Massa (سوس ماسة) is a Moroccan administrative region of 3,020,431 people (2024) centered on Agadir, whose economy rests on agriculture, fishing, agri-food industry, and tourism, together 22% of national GDP.
Souterrain
Souterrain (earth house, fogou): an underground stone-lined Iron Age passage or cellar found in Brittany, Cornwall, Ireland, and Scotland; over 800 known in Scotland, used for storage, refuge, or ritual.
South
South: the cardinal direction opposite north (90° clockwise from east), from Old English suþ, "sun-side". Covers the drifting south magnetic pole (63.85°S, 135.08°E in 2025), southern-hemisphere compasses, and south-up map conventions.
South (lunar crater)
South is an impact crater on the Moon's northwestern near side, 119.04 km wide and centered at 57.58° N, 50.94° W, named in 1935 for astronomer James South.
South 24 Parganas (দক্ষিণ চব্বিশ পরগনা)
South 24 Parganas (দক্ষিণ চব্বিশ পরগনা), or Dakshin 24 Parganas, is a West Bengal district headquartered at Alipore, formed 1 March 1986. Largest in the state by area, it spans Kolkata's fringe to the Sundarbans mangroves.
South 50
North South 50 (South 50): a 50-lap SSA Super Sedans feature race at Heartland Raceway, Moama, NSW, run over Easter since 2022 with a $10,000 first prize; 2023 winner Steve Jordan, 2022 winner Mick Nicola Jr.
South Aegean Coal Mines
The South Aegean coal mines are lignite mines near Yatağan and Milas in Muğla Province, Turkey, privatized in 2013 and supplying the Yatağan thermal power station.
South Africa
South Africa (Republic of South Africa), southern African constitutional democracy of 63 million people across 1,220,813 km2 with three capitals and twelve official languages; ended apartheid in 1994, adopted its 1996 Constitution, and has Africa's second-largest economy with the world's highest measured unemployment.
South Africa and weapons of mass destruction
South Africa was the first country to dismantle its entire nuclear, chemical, and ballistic weapons programs after building six gun-type fission devices, retaining civilian nuclear status.
South Africa national cricket team
South Africa national cricket team, the Proteas: men's side run by Cricket South Africa. Third Test nation (1889), ICC-banned 1970-1991 for apartheid, 1998 Knockout and 2025 World Test Championship winner.
South Africa national rugby union team
Springboks, South Africa's national rugby union team (Springbokke), four-time Rugby World Cup champions (1995, 2007, 2019, 2023) with a 64.4% overall Test win rate, governed by SA Rugby and famed for the 1995 Mandela moment and forward-dominated tactics.
South Africa national soccer team
South Africa national soccer team, nicknamed Bafana Bafana, men's national football team of South Africa under SAFA. Readmitted to FIFA in 1992 after apartheid isolation; won 1996 AFCON; World Cups 1998, 2002, 2010, 2026.
South Africa SACAA Part 101
South Africa SACAA Part 101 is the set of national regulations governing drone operation in South Africa, administered by the South African Civil Aviation Authority since 2015.
South Africa's genocide case against Israel
South Africa v. Israel, ICJ case 192, filed 29 December 2023, alleges Israel violated the Genocide Convention in Gaza; the Court issued three binding provisional measures orders (January, March, May 2024) without ordering a ceasefire; merits proceedings continue.
South African Air Force
The South African Air Force (SAAF), founded 1 February 1920 as the world's second oldest independent air force, is the air branch of the SANDF, flying Gripens and Rooivalk helicopters while facing severe underfunding.
South African Airways
South African Airways (SAA) is a state-owned flag carrier founded in 1934 in Johannesburg. It exited business rescue in April 2021 and rebuilt its fleet.
South African Airways Flight 295
South African Airways Flight 295, the Helderberg (ZS-SAS), a Boeing 747-244B Combi lost to an in-flight cargo fire near Mauritius on 28 November 1987, killing all 159 aboard; ignition source undetermined.