All articles starting with S
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Spartacus
Spartacus, Thracian gladiator who led the Third Servile War (73–71 BC), escaped a Capua gladiatorial school, built an army of about 70,000 slaves, defeated several Roman armies, and was crushed by Crassus; later a symbol of freedom.
Spartacus (film)
Spartacus (1960): Stanley Kubrick epic starring and produced by Kirk Douglas, from Howard Fast's novel, scripted by blacklisted Dalton Trumbo; $12 million, four Oscars, blacklist-breaking credit, 1991 restoration.
Spartacus (TV series)
Spartacus (TV series) is an American historical drama that aired on Starz from 2010 to 2013. It was shot entirely in Auckland, New Zealand, and features a graphic-novel aesthetic.
Spartacus League
Spartacus League (Spartakusbund), German revolutionary socialist group founded by Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht against World War I; joined USPD 1917, merged into the KPD on 1 January 1919.
Spartacus: Blood and Sand
Spartacus: Blood and Sand (2010) is the first season of Starz's four-season Spartacus series, produced by DeKnight and Tapert, starring Andy Whitfield as the enslaved Thracian gladiator, shot in New Zealand in a 300-inspired slow-motion style with mixed critic scores.
Spartacus: Gods of the Arena
Spartacus: Gods of the Arena is Starz's six-episode 2011 prequel to Spartacus: Blood and Sand, created when Andy Whitfield's cancer halted season 2; it follows Batiatus's ludus and Gannicus, the first Champion of Capua.
Spartacus: House of Ashur
Spartacus: House of Ashur is a 2025 Starz spin-off of Spartacus, created by Steven S. DeKnight, set in an alternate timeline where Ashur (Nick E. Tarabay) survives Vengeance and runs Batiatus's gladiator school with gladiatrix Achillia; canceled after one season in 2026.
Spartacus: Vengeance
Spartacus: Vengeance is the second season (third installment) of Starz's Spartacus, airing ten episodes January 27 to March 30, 2012, with Liam McIntyre replacing the late Andy Whitfield as the rebel gladiator leader.
Spartacus: War of the Damned
Spartacus: War of the Damned is the 2013 final season of Starz's Spartacus series, depicting the Third Servile War's end against Crassus, with about 4,350 VFX shots and a 69% Rotten Tomatoes score.
Spartak Belyaev
Spartak Belyaev, also known as Spartak Timofeevich Belyaev, was a Soviet and Russian theoretical physicist who founded the microscopic theory of pairing and superfluidity in atomic nuclei.
Spartakiad (Czechoslovakia)
Spartakiad (spartakiáda): mass gymnastic festival of communist Czechoslovakia, held every five years 1955–1985 (except 1970) at Prague's Strahov Stadium, a propaganda ritual rooted in Sokol slets and the Turner movement.
Spartakiad (Спартакиада)
Spartakiad (Спартакиада): mass multisport Games named after Spartacus, founded by the Red Sport International in 1928 as a communist alternative to the Olympics; the USSR's Spartakiads of the Peoples (1956–1991) became its Olympic preparation system, revived in Russia from 2022.
Spartalizumab
Spartalizumab (PDR001) is a Novartis humanized IgG4κ anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody, an investigational immune checkpoint inhibitor for cancer; its phase III COMBI-i melanoma trial missed its PFS endpoint and it is not FDA approved.
Spartan (film)
Spartan (film) is a 2004 political thriller written and directed by David Mamet. It stars Val Kilmer as Robert Scott, uncovering a high-level government conspiracy.
Spartan army
The Spartan army, the standing citizen-hoplite land force of Sparta (Lacedaemon), trained full-time from age seven to sixty, resting on helot labor, and won fame at Thermopylae and Plataea.
Spartan Race
Spartan Race: global obstacle course racing series founded by Joe De Sena (2010, from his Death Race), with Sprint 5k to Ultra 50k formats, burpee/penalty-loop rules, Trifecta and Abu Dhabi World Championship; acquired Tough Mudder in 2020.
SPARTAN trial (NCT02605174)
SPARTAN (NCT02605174), a Phase 3 double-blind trial of lasmiditan 50/100/200 mg vs placebo for acute migraine, run 2016-2017 at 125 US, German, and UK sites; met pain-freedom and MBS-freedom endpoints at 2 hours.
Spartanburg County
Spartanburg County, South Carolina: county formed 1785 from Ninety-Six District, named for the Spartan Regiment; seat Spartanburg; 380,857 residents (2025 est.); council-administrator government; $3.5B 2025 investment.
Spartanburg, South Carolina
Spartanburg, South Carolina: Upcountry city, county seat of Spartanburg County, founded 1831, incorporated 1881. Former textile hub (Lowell of the South), now home to BMW Plant Spartanburg and among the fastest-growing US metros.
Sparteine
Sparteine is a tetracyclic quinolizidine alkaloid found in Scotch broom and lupins, formerly marketed as an antiarrhythmic and now used as a chiral ligand in asymmetric synthesis.
Sparti Linea
Sparti Linea is a 1,600-km linea, a linear ridge-trough feature, in Europa's northern hemisphere, IAU-approved in 2003 and named for the Spartoi warriors of Greek mythology.
Spartina alterniflora
Spartina alterniflora, now Sporobolus alterniflorus, smooth or saltmarsh cordgrass, a C4 salt marsh grass native from eastern Canada to Argentina, dominant in low marsh, invasive in China and San Francisco Bay, parent of Spartina xtownsendii.
Spartina patens
Spartina patens, saltmeadow cordgrass or marshhay cordgrass (syn. Sporobolus pumilus), a rhizomatous high-marsh grass from Newfoundland to Texas, tolerant of 0-35 ppt salinity, used for salt hay and restoration, invasive on the Pacific coast.
Spartium junceum
Spartium junceum, known as Spanish broom (Spanish: retama de olor), is a shrub in the legume family, native to the Mediterranean and grown for fragrant yellow flowers but invasive elsewhere.
SPARX Group
SPARX Group (スパークス・グループ) is an independent asset management group headquartered in Tokyo, founded by Shuhei Abe in 1989, which manages Japanese and Asian equities, real assets, and private equity.
Spaser
The spaser, short for surface plasmon amplification by stimulated emission of radiation, is a nanoscale device producing coherent light below light's wavelength, the nanoplasmonic counterpart of the laser.
Spasm
Spasm: sudden involuntary contraction of one or more muscles (also called muscle cramp, charley horse). Distinct from dystonia and spasticity; quinine reduces cramps but is restricted for toxicity, magnesium shows no benefit in older adults.
Spasm of accommodation
Spasm of accommodation (pseudomyopia, ciliary spasm, ICD-11 9D01.2) is excessive ciliary contraction causing sudden apparent myopia that resolves with cycloplegia; causes include close work, stress, and head trauma.
Spasm of conjugate gaze
Spasm of conjugate gaze (conjugate gaze spasm, CGS): sudden involuntary movement of both eyes in the same direction from extraocular muscle spasm; ICD-10-CM H51.0, ICD-11 9C83.1; includes oculogyric crisis.
Spasm of the near reflex
Spasm of the near reflex (SNR), also called convergence or accommodative spasm, is an intermittent triad of convergent strabismus, pseudomyopia, and miosis, first named by Cogan in 1955; mostly functional, treated with cycloplegics and fogging.