All articles starting with T
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Tortoise
Tortoise, terrestrial turtle of family Testudinidae (tortugas terrestres), with elephantine hind limbs and high-domed shell; 364 turtle/tortoise species, 53.8% Threatened, giant Galápagos and Aldabra forms to 305 kg and 150 years.
Tortoise heavy assault tank
The Tortoise heavy assault tank, or A39, was a British Second World War design for smashing through fortified defenses. The war ended before service, and only six prototypes were built.
Tortoise Sanctuary
Tortoise Sanctuary, the Prison Island Giant Tortoise Sanctuary on Changuu Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania, keeps free-ranging Aldabra giant tortoises; namesake sanctuaries exist in Seychelles, Singapore, Bulgaria, and Senegal.
Tortoise TTS
Tortoise TTS is an open-source, multi-voice neural text-to-speech system created by James Betker and first published in 2022, known for realistic voice cloning but very slow generation.
Tortoiseshell cat
Tortoiseshell cat (tortie): a domestic cat coat pattern of mottled black and orange, not a breed. Almost always female due to X-linked ARHGAP36 orange gene and X-inactivation; calico adds white spotting.
Tortola
Tortola is the largest island of the British Virgin Islands, hosting the capital Road Town; about 84% of the population lives there. Volcanic, with Mount Sage over 500 m, colonized by the Dutch from the 1610s and by Britain from 1672.
Tortonian
The Tortonian is a geologic stage of the Miocene epoch, spanning roughly 11.63 to 7.246 million years ago and lying between the Serravallian and Messinian.
Tortricidae
Tortricidae, tortricid or leafroller moths, sole family of Tortricoidea with three subfamilies and about 9,000-10,000 described species; larvae roll, tie, or bore into plants, making many species major crop and forest pests.
Tortuga
Tortuga (Île de la Tortue) is a Haitian island off northwest Hispaniola, the chief 17th-century French buccaneer stronghold from 1630 to 1700, with Fort de la Roche and Fort Blondel, later absorbed into Saint-Domingue.
Tortula muralis
Tortula muralis (wall screw-moss, Mauer-Drehzahnmoos) is a small Pottiaceae moss forming hoary cushions on walls, mortar, and concrete, with twisted peristome teeth of 32 filaments, almost cosmopolitan distribution, and cryptic genetic lineages.
Torture
Torture: intentional infliction of severe physical or mental pain by officials, absolutely prohibited under the 1984 Convention against Torture (176 parties), the Geneva Conventions, and the Istanbul Protocol documentation standard.
Torture during the Algerian War
Torture during the Algerian War refers to the systematic use of torture by the French army and police against Algerian nationalist suspects between 1954 and 1962.
Torture during the Gaza war
Torture during the Gaza war covers torture and ill-treatment of detainees since October 7, 2023: Palestinians in Israeli custody, including at Sde Teiman, and abuses by Hamas and Palestinian authorities.
Torture of slaves in the United States
Torture of slaves in the United States covers whipping, mutilation, branding, restraint devices, and sexual violence used in chattel slavery from colonial times to 1865; whipping was the most common punishment, with slave patrols and jailers legally enforcing it.
Toru Dutt
Toru Dutt (1856–1877), Bengali poet, translator, and novelist of Calcutta; wrote in English and French; works include A Sheaf Gleaned in French Fields (1876), Ancient Ballads and Legends of Hindustan (1882), and Le Journal de Mademoiselle d'Arvers.
Toru Funamura
Toru Funamura (船村徹), born Fukuda Hiroo in 1932, was a Japanese enka composer who wrote thousands of songs including 'Ōshō' and received the Order of Culture in 2016.
Tōru Furuya (古谷 徹)
Tōru Furuya (古谷徹) is a Japanese voice actor and narrator affiliated with Aoni Production. He has voiced many leading heroes, including Amuro Ray in Mobile Suit Gundam since 1979.
Toru Goto
Toru Goto (後藤暢, born 26 June 1934, Fukuoka) is a Japanese swimmer, 1952 Helsinki Olympic silver medallist in the 4x200 m freestyle relay, fourth in the 100 m freestyle, and 1955 4x100 m freestyle relay world record holder (3:46.8).
Toru Miyagi
Toru Miyagi (宮城徹) is a Japanese fintech entrepreneur who co-founded UPSIDER, Inc. in Tokyo in 2018 and serves as its CEO, after working at McKinsey & Company.
Toru Miyazaki
Toru Miyazaki (宮崎 徹) is a Japanese immunologist known for discovering AIM, a blood protein he developed into a therapy for kidney disease in cats.
Toru Muranishi (村西とおる)
Toru Muranishi (村西とおる), born 1948 in Iwaki, Fukushima, is a Japanese AV director called the "Emperor of AV": about 3,000 titles, hametori and ekiben innovations, Diamond Visual, a 370-year US sentence request, and Netflix's The Naked Director model.
Toru Nakano
Toru Nakano (仲野 徹) is a Japanese molecular biologist and pathologist who spent his career at Osaka University, known for generating blood cells from mouse embryonic stem cells.
Toru Nishikawa
Toru Nishikawa (西川徹) is a Japanese computer scientist and entrepreneur who co-founded the Tokyo deep learning company Preferred Networks in 2014 and served as its CEO until 2025.
Toru Terasawa
Toru Terasawa (寺沢徹), Japanese marathon runner (1935–2025); set a 2:15:16 marathon world record at the 1963 Beppu-Ōita Marathon, won Fukuoka in 1962 and 1964, and placed 15th at the Tokyo 1964 Olympics. Distinct from other athletes named Terasawa.
Torulaspora
Torulaspora, a genus of ascomycetous budding yeasts in Saccharomycetaceae established by Lindner in 1904; type species Torulaspora delbrueckii (formerly Saccharomyces rosei), used in wine, beer, and bread fermentation; expanded from 10 to 22 species in 2025.
Toruń
Toruń is a city in northern Poland on the Vistula River, reputed birthplace in 1473 of Nicolaus Copernicus, whose medieval old town is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Toruro
Toruro is a Colombian three-trick gambling card game for 5+ players using the Spanish 40-card pack, popular in Santander, with three pots (cabeza, barriga, cola) and lulo debts for trickless players.
Torus
A torus is a doughnut-shaped surface, or surface of revolution, made by rotating a circle about a coplanar axis; the standard ring torus has genus 1.
Torus interconnect
A torus interconnect is a network topology for parallel computers whose wraparound grid links each node to its nearest neighbors, used in IBM's Blue Gene and Fujitsu's Fugaku supercomputers.
Torus knot
A torus knot is a knot that can be drawn on the surface of an unknotted torus without crossing itself, denoted T(p, q); the trefoil is the simplest example.