All articles starting with T

Transclusion

Transclusion is the inclusion of content from one document into another by reference, coined by Ted Nelson for Project Xanadu and used today in wiki templates and web components.

Transcobalamin II

Transcobalamin II, encoded by the TCN2 gene, is a 43 kDa plasma protein that binds newly absorbed vitamin B12 and delivers it into cells via the CD320 receptor.

Transcobalamin II deficiency

Transcobalamin II deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive TCN2 disorder in which vitamin B12 cannot enter cells, causing megaloblastic anemia, immunodeficiency, and pancytopenia in early infancy.

Transcoding

Transcoding is the digital-to-digital conversion of one encoded media stream into another, decoding it and re-encoding it with a different codec, bitrate, or resolution, often with quality loss.

Oct 15, 2026

TransColorado Gas Pipeline

The TransColorado Gas Pipeline is a Kinder Morgan-owned natural gas pipeline running about 310 miles from western Colorado to the Blanco Hub in New Mexico.

Transconductance

Transconductance, formerly called mutual conductance, is an electrical parameter relating a change in a device's input voltage to the resulting change in output current, measured in siemens.

Transcontinental Airway System

The Transcontinental Airway System was a chain of lighted beacons and landing fields built by the US Post Office in the 1920s to guide airmail pilots at night.

Oct 15, 2026

Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line Company

Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line Company, known as Transco, is an American natural gas pipeline company owned by Williams that runs from Texas to New York.

The transcontinental railroad, a 1,900-mile line completed on May 10, 1869, joined the Union Pacific and Central Pacific at Promontory Summit, Utah, cutting coast-to-coast travel from months to one week.

Sep 19, 2026

Transcorp

Transnational Corporation Plc, known as Transcorp, is a Nigerian publicly listed conglomerate incorporated in 2004, operating the Transcorp Hilton Abuja and about 2,000MW of power plants.

Transcranial alternating current stimulation

Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique delivering weak sinusoidal currents through scalp electrodes to modulate cortical neural oscillations, used in cognitive research and psychiatric and neurological targets.

Transcranial direct-current stimulation

Transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation method delivering 1–2 mA constant current via scalp electrodes; used for depression (Level A evidence), pain, stroke, and Parkinson's disease, with HD-tDCS variants.

Transcranial Doppler

Transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography, introduced by Aaslid in 1982, is a noninvasive 2 MHz ultrasound test measuring blood flow velocity in basal brain arteries, used for vasospasm, stroke, sickle cell screening, and brain death confirmation.

Transcranial electric stimulation

Transcranial electric stimulation (tES) is a noninvasive technique passing weak electrical currents through scalp electrodes to modulate brain activity, investigated for depression, pain, and stroke rehabilitation.

Transcranial electrical stimulation

Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique passing weak currents through scalp electrodes, with variants tDCS, tACS, and tRNS used in research and treatment.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS, rTMS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique introduced by Barker in 1985, using pulsed magnetic fields to depolarize cortical neurons; FDA-cleared for depression, OCD, and migraine, with seizure risk under 0.1%.

Transcranial pulse stimulation

Transcranial pulse stimulation (TPS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation method that delivers ultrashort focused ultrasound pulses through the skull, introduced by Roland Beisteiner and colleagues in 2019 and studied in Alzheimer's disease.

Transcranial random noise stimulation

Transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique, introduced in 2008, that passes weak random electrical current through scalp electrodes to alter cortical excitability.

Transcranial sonography

Transcranial sonography is an ultrasound technique that images brain tissue through the intact skull, used chiefly to detect substantia nigra hyperechogenicity as a supportive marker of Parkinson's disease.

Transcranial stimulation

Transcranial stimulation is a family of noninvasive neuromodulation techniques that alter brain activity through the intact skull, using magnetic pulses or weak electrical currents for research and treatment.

Transcript (education)

Academic transcript: the official registrar-issued record of courses, credits, grades, and often degree conferral, distinct from the diploma; shaped by the Carnegie Unit, GI Bill credit policy, and digital exchange standards.

Transcription (biology)

Transcription (biology): RNA polymerase copies DNA into RNA at promoters through initiation, elongation, and termination. Bacteria use one RNAP with sigma factors; eukaryotes use Pol I, II, III with TFII factors, TATA boxes, and chromatin remodeling by FACT.

Transcription (Lerner novel)

Transcription (2026) is Ben Lerner's fourth novel (FSG; German title Transkription), about a writer whose broken iPhone forces him to fake a transcript of his final interview with his 90-year-old mentor Thomas.

Transcription activator-like effector

A transcription activator-like effector (TALE) is a protein secreted by Xanthomonas plant-pathogenic bacteria that enters plant cell nuclei and activates host genes to promote or trigger defense against disease.

Transcription activator-like effector nuclease

A transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) is a genome-editing enzyme, introduced in 2010, that pairs programmable TALE DNA-binding domains with the FokI nuclease to cut chosen sequences.

Transcription antitermination protein RfaH

RfaH (sfrB, hlyT) is an E. coli NusG-paralog transcription antiterminator recruited at the ops DNA sequence, suppressing Rho termination on virulence operons, and switching its C-terminal domain from alpha-hairpin to beta-barrel to couple transcription to translation.

Transcription bubble

Transcription bubble: the ~12–14 bp region of unwound single-stranded DNA carried by RNA polymerase during transcription initiation and elongation, formed by σ-factor flip-and-capture in bacteria and TFIIH in eukaryotes.

Transcription elongation factor

Transcription elongation factors are proteins that act on RNA polymerase already transcribing a gene, controlling whether it pauses, resumes, or backtracks; key examples include DSIF, NELF, and P-TEFb.

Transcription elongation factor 1

Transcription elongation factor 1 (Elf1; ELOF1 in humans) is a conserved zinc finger factor of the RNA polymerase II elongation complex, sealing the DNA entry cleft, aiding nucleosome passage, and driving transcription-coupled repair.