All articles starting with U
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Ubiquilin
Ubiquilins are a family of conserved eukaryotic proteins that act as shuttle factors, delivering ubiquitin-tagged, misfolded proteins to the proteasome and autophagy systems; UBQLN2 mutations cause familial ALS with frontotemporal dementia.
Ubiquinol
Ubiquinol is the reduced, electron-rich form of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a cofactor in every human cell that supports ATP production and acts as a lipid-soluble antioxidant.
Ubiquiti
Ubiquiti is an American networking hardware vendor whose UniFi product line, covering Wi-Fi access points, switches, gateways, and cameras, is managed through a single controller platform.
Ubiquitin
Ubiquitin (UBIP) is a conserved 76-amino-acid eukaryotic protein that tags other proteins via E1-E2-E3 enzymes, with eight chain types signaling degradation, DNA repair, immunity, and more; 2004 Nobel Prize work.
Ubiquitin 3 binding protein But2, C-terminal
Ubiquitin 3 binding protein But2, C-terminal (Pfam PF09792, InterPro IPR018620) is a conserved ascomycete fungal protein domain, named for S. pombe But2, that binds Uba3 in the NEDD8 signalling pathway.
Ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like
Ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs such as SUMO, NEDD8, ISG15) are small conserved modifiers attached to targets by E1-E2-E3 enzyme cascades; K48 chains signal proteasomal degradation, K63 signals autophagy and signaling, and dysregulation links to cancer and neurodegeneration.
Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolases
Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolases, or UCHs, are cysteine protease deubiquitinases that cleave ubiquitin from small C-terminal adducts; the human family has four enzymes, including UCH-L1 and BAP1.
Ubiquitin chain editing and remodeling
Ubiquitin chain editing and remodeling is the enzymatic trimming, proofreading, and restructuring of polyubiquitin chains by about 100 human deubiquitinating enzymes, which reshape rather than erase ubiquitin signals.
Ubiquitin conjugation cascade
The ubiquitin conjugation cascade is the ATP-dependent three-enzyme pathway (E1, E2, and E3) that attaches ubiquitin to substrate proteins, targeting them for degradation or regulating their function.
Ubiquitin D
Ubiquitin D (UBD), also called FAT10, is a mammalian ubiquitin-like modifier encoded in the MHC class I locus, inducible by IFN-γ and TNF, that directly targets substrates for ubiquitin-independent 26S proteasome degradation via UBA6 and USE1.
Ubiquitin-activating enzyme
Ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1; UBA1/UBA6) initiates ubiquitination via ATP-dependent adenylation and thioester transfer to E2. Lead inhibitor TAK-243 (MLN7243) reached phase I trials but faced toxicity and resistance.
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s, UBE2, EC 2.3.2.23) are the middle enzymes of the E1-E2-E3 ubiquitylation cascade, carrying ubiquitin on a catalytic cysteine UBC domain and determining ubiquitin chain topology.
Ubiquitin-fold modifier 1
Ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (UFM1) is an 85-amino-acid human ubiquitin-like protein conjugated to substrates via UBA5, UFC1, and UFL1 in UFMylation, central to ER ribosome quality control and linked to encephalopathy and skeletal dysplasia.
Ubiquitin-like domain
Ubiquitin-like domain: a protein domain adopting ubiquitin's β-grasp fold, found in modifiers such as SUMO, NEDD8, ISG15, UFM1, and URM1 and in adaptor domains, conjugated by E1-E2-E3 cascades.
Ubiquitin-like protein
A ubiquitin-like protein (UBL) is a small protein structurally related to ubiquitin that cells attach to other proteins to regulate processes like autophagy and DNA repair.
Ubiquitin-specific protease
Ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs, also called UBPs) are cysteine proteases, peptidase family C19, that remove ubiquitin from protein substrates and form the largest human deubiquitinase family, with 58 human genes.
Ubiquitination
Ubiquitination (ubiquitylation): ATP-dependent attachment of the 76-amino-acid protein ubiquitin to target proteins via E1, E2, and E3 enzymes; K48 chains signal proteasomal degradation, K63 chains signal DNA repair and signaling; 2004 Nobel Prize to Ciechanover, Hershko, and Rose.
Ubiquitous computing
Ubiquitous computing, also known as pervasive or ambient computing, embeds many small networked computers invisibly throughout the physical environment; Mark Weiser coined the term at Xerox PARC in 1988.
Ubiquity Ventures
Ubiquity Ventures is a Palo Alto, California seed-stage venture capital firm founded in 2017 by Sunil Nagaraj, investing in "software beyond the screen": robotics, spacetech, and climate technology.
Ubirajara
Ubirajara is an 1874 novel by the Brazilian writer José de Alencar, the last of his three Indianist novels and the only one set entirely in the pre-Columbian indigenous world, with no European characters.
Ubirr
Ubirr is an Aboriginal rock art complex at the northeastern edge of Kakadu National Park, Australia, with thousands of paintings up to 18,000 years old.
Ubisoft
Ubisoft, formerly Ubi Soft, is a French video game publisher founded by the five Guillemot brothers in 1986 and known for Assassin's Creed and Far Cry.
Ubisoft Montreal
Ubisoft Montreal: Canadian game studio founded 1997, Ubisoft's first and largest studio with 3,000+ staff; creator of Assassin's Creed and Splinter Cell, developer of the Anvil engine.
Ubitricity
Ubitricity is a Berlin-based provider of public electric vehicle charging, best known for converting street lampposts into charge points and wholly owned by Shell since 2021.
Ubl-specific proteases
Ubl-specific proteases are cysteine proteases that remove ubiquitin-like modifiers, including SUMO, NEDD8, UFM1, and ATG8, from proteins, with each modifier served by a dedicated protease family.
Ublituximab
Ublituximab (Briumvi) is a glycoengineered chimeric anti-CD20 IgG1 monoclonal antibody by TG Therapeutics for relapsing multiple sclerosis, approved in the US (2022), EU (2023), and Australia (2025), given as one-hour infusions every 24 weeks.
UBlock Origin
uBlock Origin (uBO) is a free, open-source content blocker for Firefox and Chromium browsers, created by Raymond Hill in 2015, known for blocking ads, trackers, and malware sites efficiently.
Uboa
Uboa is the alias of Xandra Metcalfe, a trans Australian noise, dark ambient and death industrial musician from Melbourne. Albums include The Origin of My Depression (2019) and The Flenser-released Impossible Light (2024); the name comes from Yume Nikki.
Ubol Ratana (อุบลรัตน์)
Ubol Ratana (อุบลรัตน์), also known as Ubol Ratana Rajakanya, is a Thai princess, the eldest child of King Bhumibol Adulyadej and Queen Sirikit and elder sister of King Maha Vajiralongkorn.
UBQLN2
UBQLN2 (ubiquilin 2), also called PLIC-2, is a UBL-UBA shuttle protein delivering ubiquitinated cargo to the proteasome, autophagy, and ERAD; its PXX-region mutations cause X-linked dominant ALS/FTD.