All articles starting with U
6,146 articles
Uril
Uril (Ouril, Ouri, Urim) is Cape Verde's traditional mancala board game, brought from West Africa: a 2x6 board, 48 nickernut seeds, counterclockwise sowing, 2-or-3 capture, feeding rule, and 25 seeds to win.
Urim and Thummim
The Urim and Thummim were a priestly oracle of the Hebrew Bible, probably small stones or lots kept in the high priest's breastpiece, used until David's time.
Urima
Urima (Ourima) is an ancient town on the Euphrates in Gaziantep Province, Turkey, identified with the tell of Horum Höyük and now drowned under dam waters.
Urinal
A urinal is a plumbing fixture that receives only liquid body waste, used mainly in commercial and institutional men's restrooms to save space and water.
Urinalysis
Urinalysis is a laboratory test examining the physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of urine to detect kidney disease, urinary tract infection, liver disease, and metabolic disorders such as diabetes.
Urinary Antibody-Coated Bacteria Test
Urinary antibody-coated bacteria (ACB) test, a 1974 fluorescent antibody technique detecting antibody-coated bacteria in urine sediment to localize urinary tract infection to kidney versus bladder; sensitivity about 83%, specificity about 77%, now rarely used.
Urinary cast
Urinary casts (casts in the urine) are tube-shaped particles formed from Tamm-Horsfall protein in kidney tubules, seen on urinalysis microscopy. Hyaline casts are normal; RBC casts indicate glomerulonephritis, granular casts acute tubular necrosis.
Urinary catheterization
Urinary catheterization: draining the bladder via indwelling Foley, intermittent, suprapubic, or condom catheters. Covers 3,500-year history, CAUTI risk (75% of hospital UTIs), and CDC prevention guidance.
Urinary Catheters
Urinary catheters: tubes inserted into the bladder or kidney (urethral, suprapubic, ureteral, Foley) to drain urine. Key facts: 75% of hospital UTIs are catheter-associated; prolonged use is the main CAUTI risk factor.
Urinary diversion
Urinary diversion is surgery that reroutes urine from the kidneys or bladder to an external stoma or internal reservoir when the urinary tract is absent or damaged.
Urinary incontinence
Urinary incontinence, also called bladder leakage, is the unintentional passing of urine. Types include stress, urge, overflow, total, and mixed; first-line treatment is pelvic floor muscle training, bladder training, and lifestyle change.
Urinary kallidinogenase
Urinary kallidinogenase (HUK, 尤瑞克林) is a 238-amino-acid tissue kallikrein extracted from human urine, approved in China in 2005 for mild-to-moderate acute thrombotic ischemic stroke; it dilates ischemic-region microvessels via the kallikrein-kinin system, with blood-pressure reduction as its main adverse effect.
Urinary meatus
Urinary meatus (external urethral orifice): the opening of the urethra to the outside, at the tip of the penis in males and just anterior to the vaginal opening in females; site of hypospadias and meatal stenosis.
Urinary retention
Urinary retention: inability to empty the bladder, acute (sudden, emergency catheterization) or chronic (incomplete emptying, PVR over 50 mL). Causes include outlet obstruction, detrusor underactivity, and dyssynergia; treated with catheters, drugs, or surgery.
Urinary Sediment Analysis
Urinary sediment analysis, also called urine sediment microscopy, is the microscopic and chemical examination of urine sediment for cells, casts, crystals, and bacteria; a MeSH-indexed part of urinalysis used to diagnose kidney and urinary tract disease.
Urinary system
Urinary system (urinary tract, renal system): the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra, which filter blood, produce 1-2 quarts of urine daily, store it, and void it; kidneys also regulate blood pressure, erythropoiesis, and vitamin D.
Urinary tract infection
Urinary tract infection (UTI): bacterial infection of the bladder (cystitis), urethra, or kidney (pyelonephritis), usually by E. coli entering the urethra; far more common in women, treated with antibiotics, about 8 million US doctor visits yearly.
Urinary tract infection following delivery
Urinary tract infection following delivery (ICD-11 JB40.3, puerperal cystitis or pyelonephritis) is postpartum bacterial UTI. Risk rises with cesarean delivery, catheterization, tocolysis, renal disease, and preeclampsia; only about 25% of cases show typical dysuria.
Urinary tract infection, site not specified
Urinary tract infection, site not specified (ICD-10-CM N39.0; ICD-11 GC08) is the billing and classification code for a UTI whose anatomical site is undocumented, with organism-specific subcodes, exclusion rules, and clinical context on diagnosis and antibiotic treatment.
Urinary tract reconstruction
Urinary tract reconstruction is surgery to repair, replace, or reroute the urinary tract, most often after cystectomy, using an ileal conduit, continent pouch, or neobladder.
Urination
Urination (micturition, voiding): expulsion of urine from the bladder through the urethra, controlled by pontine and spinal reflexes, parasympathetic pelvic nerves, sympathetic storage pathways, and voluntary cortical control.
Urine
Urine: liquid waste made by the kidneys filtering blood, about 1-2 L/day, pH 4.5-8.0. Also called pee. Basis of urinalysis, pregnancy and drug tests; once thought sterile, now known to host a urobiome.
Urine culture
Urine culture is a laboratory test that grows and counts microbes from a urine sample to identify the organism causing a urinary tract infection and its antibiotic susceptibilities.
Urine cytology
Urine cytology is a diagnostic pathology method that microscopically examines cells shed into urine to detect urothelial carcinoma; it is highly specific but only moderately sensitive, best for high-grade tumors.
Urine specimen collection
Urine specimen collection is the clinical procedure of obtaining a urine sample by midstream clean catch, catheterization, or suprapubic aspiration for urinalysis, culture, and other testing.
Urine test strip
Urine test strip (dipstick, reagent strip): plastic strip with dry-chemistry pads detecting glucose, protein, blood, ketones, nitrite, leukocyte esterase, pH, and more; from Maumené 1850 and Oliver 1883 to Clinistix 1956.
Urine therapy
Urine therapy, also called urotherapy, urinotherapy, or shivambu, is the practice of drinking or applying urine as a remedy. Ancient practice from India onward, but no clinical evidence of benefit and documented risks.
Urinetown
Urinetown: The Musical, by Mark Hollmann and Greg Kotis, is a 2001 Brechtian satire about a drought-stricken town where the Urine Good Company charges citizens to pee; it won three Tony Awards.
Uriteo Folk Village
Uriteo Folk Village (우리터민속촌, Uriteominsokchon) is a theme park in Sinjeong-dong, Nam-gu, Ulsan, South Korea, at 9-1 Beonyeong-ro 250beon-gil, presenting traditional Korean rural life; distinct from the larger Korean Folk Village in Yongin.
Uriyadi
Uriyadi (உறியடி) is a 2016 Tamil political action thriller written, directed, produced by and starring Vijay Kumar, released 27 May 2016; four engineering students are dragged into caste politics. Not the 2020 Malayalam film of the same name.