All articles starting with U
6,146 articles
Unecyna
Unecyna is a double-stranded RNA biochemical fungicide (CAS 3002952-14-6) by GreenLight Biosciences targeting Erysiphe necator grape powdery mildew via CYP51 gene silencing; first registered in Mexico (COFEPRIS, 2031), pending US EPA review, not EU-approved.
Unelanuhi Dorsa
Unelanuhi Dorsa, a 2,600 km ridge belt (dorsum) on Venus at 12N 87E, IAU-named 1997 for the Cherokee sun goddess; second-longest Venus dorsa after Vedma Dorsa.
Unemployment
Unemployment is being without a job while actively seeking work and available to start; the unemployment rate is the share of the labor force in that condition.
Unemployment benefits
Unemployment benefits, also known as unemployment insurance or the dole, are income-support payments replacing part of a worker's lost wages, with eligibility and financing varying by system.
Unemployment in India
Unemployment in India is measured mainly by the government's Periodic Labour Force Survey, which put the 2025 rate at 3.1%, though many economists dispute the figure.
Unemployment in the United States
Unemployment in the United States is measured monthly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics from a survey of about 60,000 households; the rate was 4.2 percent in late 2024.
Unequal exchange
Unequal exchange is a heterodox economics concept, formalized by Arghiri Emmanuel in 1962, in which trade systematically transfers value from low-wage poor countries to high-wage rich countries.
Unequal treaties
Unequal treaties are agreements imposed on weaker states, like China, by Western powers. The first, the 1842 Treaty of Nanking, followed the First Opium War.
Unequal treaties as legal critique
Unequal treaties, a term from 1920s Chinese nationalist discourse, are treaties marked by coercion, non-reciprocity, or permanent inferiority whose validity can be challenged, exemplified by the 1842 Treaty of Nanking.
UNESCO
UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization), a UN specialized agency for education, science, culture, and information, founded by constitution signed in London 1945, in force 4 November 1946; 194 member states; runs World Heritage Convention and other standard-setting programs.
UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage
The UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage is a treaty adopted in Paris in 2001 to protect shipwrecks and other submerged heritage.
UNESCO Goodwill Ambassadors
UNESCO Goodwill Ambassadors are eminent personalities from the arts, sciences, literature, entertainment, or sport, designated without pay by UNESCO's Director-General to champion its values; the program began in 1989.
UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists
The UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists, created under the 2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, are three inventories of living traditions, with over 700 inscribed elements from 152 countries.
UNESCO Recommendation on the Ethics of AI
The UNESCO Recommendation on the Ethics of AI is a non-binding instrument adopted in Paris on 23 November 2021 by 193 member states, the first global framework on AI ethics.
UNESCO/Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize
The UNESCO/Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize is a US$25,000 annual award, created in 1997 and named for a murdered Colombian editor, for exceptional defense of press freedom.
Unetanneh Tokef
Unetanneh Tokef (ונתנה תוקף) is a liturgical poem recited in the Musaf service of Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur, best known for the refrain that repentance, prayer, and charity avert the evil decree.
Unethical human experimentation
Unethical human experimentation: research on humans without informed consent or with deception and harm. Key cases include the Nazi camp experiments behind the 1947 Nuremberg Code, the Tuskegee syphilis study, the Guatemala STD experiments, and Holmesburg Prison testing.
Unethical human experimentation in the United States
Unethical human experimentation in the United States: nonconsensual 20th-century experiments including Tuskegee syphilis study, Guatemala STD experiments, radiation studies, and Holmesburg prison tests, and the resulting Common Rule reforms.
Únětice culture
Únětice culture (Únětická kultura, Aunjetitzer Kultur): Early Bronze Age Central European archaeological culture, c. 2200-1600 BC, named after Únětice near Prague; stratified 'princely' society, bronze metallurgy, Nebra Sky Disc.
Unexpected Family
Unexpected Family (过家家) is a 2026 Chinese comedy-drama, Li Taiyan's directorial debut, starring Jackie Chan as an Alzheimer's patient who mistakes drifter Peng Yuchang for his son; released January 1, 2026 in China.
Unexpected hanging paradox
The unexpected hanging paradox, also called the surprise examination paradox, is an epistemic paradox in which a prisoner's backward reasoning proves his surprise hanging impossible, yet it surprises him.
Unexpectedly Naughty Fukami
Unexpectedly Naughty Fukami (Yatara Yarashii Fukami-kun) is a Japanese boys' love manga by Ayaka Matsumoto, serialized on ComicFesta since 2022, about office workers Kaji and Fukami, adapted into a 2025 anime and 2026 Tokyo MX drama.
Unexplained infertility
Unexplained infertility (UI) is a diagnosis of exclusion: no cause found after a full infertility workup. WHO criteria, ASRM and NICE treatment guidance (OS-IUI, IVF), and limited evidence quality distinguish it.
Unexplained volcanic eruption
An unexplained volcanic eruption, often called a mystery eruption, is a large eruption identified from polar ice cores rather than written history, such as the still-unlocated 1809 event.
Unexploded ordnance
Unexploded ordnance (UXO) is explosive ordnance used in conflict that failed to detonate, part of the explosive remnants of war that kill thousands of civilians yearly.
Unfabulous
Unfabulous is a Nickelodeon live-action tween sitcom (2004-2007) created by Sue Rose and Janice Burgess, starring Emma Roberts as middle schooler Addie Singer, who writes and sings songs about junior high; three seasons, 41 episodes, TEENick premiere.
Unfair dismissal in the United Kingdom
Unfair dismissal in the United Kingdom is a statutory employment tribunal right under Part 10 of the Employment Rights Act 1996. Qualifying period 2 years, falling to 6 months and awards uncapped from 1 January 2027 under the Employment Rights Act 2025; automatically unfair reasons need no qualifying period; Northern Ireland uses 1 year.
Unfaithful (2002 film)
Unfaithful is a 2002 American erotic thriller directed by Adrian Lyne, starring Richard Gere, Diane Lane, and Olivier Martinez, and a remake of Claude Chabrol's La Femme infidèle.
Unfamiliar
Unfamiliar is a 2026 German-language Netflix spy thriller series, six episodes, created by Paul Coates and produced by Gaumont, starring Susanne Wolff and Felix Kramer as ex-BND spies running a Berlin safe house.
Unfederated Malay States
The Unfederated Malay States (Negeri-negeri Melayu Tidak Bersekutu) were five Malay states, including Johor and Kedah, that stayed outside the 1896 federation, keeping their sultans' sovereignty until 1946.