All articles starting with U
6,146 articles
Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act
The Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act (UCITA) is a uniform state law setting contract rules for software licenses and online access agreements, enacted only in Virginia and Maryland.
Uniform continuity
Uniform continuity is a strengthened form of continuity for functions: for every error tolerance ε > 0, a single δ works at every point of the domain at once.
Uniform convergence
Uniform convergence is a mode of convergence of functions in which one index works for every point of the domain at once, making it stronger than pointwise convergence.
Uniform convergence in probability
Uniform convergence in probability is a property of a class of functions whose empirical averages converge to their true expectations simultaneously over the class, central to learning theory.
Uniform Crime Reports
Uniform Crime Reports: FBI-administered US national crime statistics since 1930, begun by the IACP in 1929; Part I offense counts under SRS with the Hierarchy Rule, transitioned to incident-based NIBRS collection in 2021, complemented by the NCVS.
Uniform fetishism
Uniform fetishism is sexual attraction to standardized dress and the roles or authority it signals, from military and police to medical uniforms; a fetishistic interest rather than a disorder unless distress, impairment, or non-consent is present under DSM-5 and ICD-11.
Uniform integrability
Uniform integrability, also called equi-integrability, is a property of a family of random variables requiring their tail integrals to be small uniformly, and it upgrades convergence in probability to L1 convergence.
Uniform interpolation
Uniform interpolation is a technique in modal and description logic that rewrites a formula or ontology over a reduced signature while preserving all its entailments in that signature.
Uniform manifold approximation and projection
Uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) is a nonlinear dimensionality reduction method introduced in 2018 that embeds high-dimensional data into low dimensions while preserving local neighborhoods, and is a standard tool for visualizing single-cell datasets.
Uniform matroid
A uniform matroid is a matroid in which every subset of size at most the rank is independent; the rank-t matroid on n elements, U_t,n, has rank function min(t, |A|).
Uniform memory access
Uniform memory access (UMA) is a shared-memory multiprocessor architecture in which every processor takes the same time to reach any memory location, as in symmetric multiprocessing systems.
Uniform number (American football)
Uniform numbers in American football: position-assigned jersey numbers 0-99 used by officials to judge receiver eligibility; NFL ranges expanded in 2021 and 2023, NCAA and NFHS use related conventions.
Uniform Parentage Act
Uniform Parentage Act (UPA): ULC model law on establishing legal parent-child relationships, promulgated 1973, revised 2002 and 2017; covers presumptions, acknowledgments, genetic testing, assisted reproduction, surrogacy, and de facto parents.
Uniform Premarital Agreement Act
The Uniform Premarital Agreement Act is a uniform act drafted by the Uniform Law Commission and approved in 1983 to give states a common basis for enforcing premarital agreements.
Uniform Reciprocal Enforcement of Support Act
Uniform Reciprocal Enforcement of Support Act (URESA), a 1950 NCCUSL model law adopted by all 50 U.S. states for interstate child support enforcement without travel, amended 1952, 1958, revised 1968, replaced by UIFSA in 1996.
Uniform Resource Identifier
A Uniform Resource Identifier, or URI, is a compact sequence of characters identifying a web resource, introduced by Tim Berners-Lee in 1994 and standardized as RFC 3986.
Uniform Resource Name
A Uniform Resource Name (URN) is a persistent, location-independent URI under the urn scheme that identifies a resource by name rather than location, governed by RFC 8141.
Uniform sampling (statistics)
Uniform sampling is a sampling method in which every unit in a population or every value in a range has the same probability of being chosen.
Uniform space
A uniform space, also known as a uniform structure, is a set equipped with a uniformity formalizing uniform nearness, introduced by André Weil in 1936 to cover metric spaces and topological groups.
Uniform Vehicle Code
The Uniform Vehicle Code (UVC) is a model set of US traffic laws published by the National Committee on Uniform Traffic Laws and Ordinances, first produced in 1926.
Uniformed services of the United States
The uniformed services of the United States are the eight federal services with military ranks and pay: the six armed forces (Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, Space Force, Coast Guard) plus the NOAA Corps and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, the two officer-only nonmilitary corps.
Uniformed services pay grades of the United States
Uniformed services pay grades of the United States: the E-1 to E-9, W-1 to W-5, and O-1 to O-10 classifications under 10 U.S.C. and 37 U.S.C. that set military rank precedence and basic pay rates.
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU, USUHS), the nation's only federal health sciences university in Bethesda, Maryland; chartered 1972, tuition-free military medical school with service obligation.
Uniformitarianism
Uniformitarianism, or the principle of uniformity, is the geological principle that processes observed today, like erosion and volcanism, shaped Earth in the past; James Hutton proposed it in 1788.
Uniformization (continuous-time Markov chains)
Uniformization, also called randomization or Jensen's method, is a numerically stable technique for computing the transient behavior of a continuous-time Markov chain, introduced by Arne Jensen in 1953.
Uniformization (set theory)
Uniformization in set theory is the operation of choosing one point from each nonempty section of a relation, posed as a problem by Luzin in 1930.
Uniforms and insignia of the Red Army (1917–1922)
Uniforms and insignia of the early Red Army (РККА) 1917–1922: Red Guard armbands, Imperial stock, the 1918 badge, 1919 budenovka and sleeve ranks, and the 1922 Order No. 322 regulation.
Uniforms and insignia of the Schutzstaffel
Uniforms and insignia of the Schutzstaffel (SS): brown-shirt origins, black Hugo Boss uniform, Death's Head and rank insignia, field-gray Waffen-SS dress, and patented camouflage smocks.
Uniforms of Napoleon
Uniforms of Napoleon: the regulated dress of the French army, 1799-1815, codified by the 1812 Bardin regulation. Blue habit, 1806 shako, 20-30 kg kit, color-coded Guard and line units, parade dress versus worn campaign reality.
Uniforms of the British Army
The uniforms of the British Army evolved from red coats, first adopted in 1645, to khaki service dress in 1902 and camouflage-patterned dress widely available from the 1970s.