All articles starting with V
8,490 articles
Visual meteorological conditions
Visual meteorological conditions (VMC) are weather conditions, measured in visibility, distance from cloud, and ceiling, good enough for flight under visual flight rules; worse weather is instrument meteorological conditions.
Visual MODFLOW
Visual MODFLOW is a commercial graphical interface for three-dimensional groundwater flow and contaminant transport modeling built around the USGS MODFLOW code, first released in 1994 by Waterloo Hydrogeologic.
Visual novel
Visual novel (ノベルゲーム, novel game; sound novel): text-forward digital fiction with mostly static graphics, click-advanced text, and branching choices; originated in 1980s Japan, 18,000+ titles on VNDB, major franchises like Fate/stay night.
Visual novel awards
Visual novel awards are prizes recognizing bishōjo games and visual novels; the annual Moe Game Award is the main industry award, while the Getchu.com Bishojo Game Award ran from 2003 to 2023.
Visual object tracking
Visual object tracking is the computer vision task of continuously locating a target object across video frames, spanning single-object and multi-object tracking with methods like Kalman filters and Siamese networks.
Visual odometry
Visual odometry is a computer vision method that estimates camera or robot motion by tracking visual features across sequential images, coined in 2004 and used on Mars rovers.
Visual perception
Visual perception is the brain's process of interpreting sight. It is studied through theories like the constructivist and ecological approaches, which involve ventral and dorsal visual systems.
Visual perceptual learning
Visual perceptual learning (VPL) is the long-term improvement in visual task performance from repeated practice or exposure, used to study plasticity in the adult visual system and applied clinically to amblyopia.
Visual phototransduction
Visual phototransduction, also called the phototransduction cascade, is the process by which retinal rod and cone cells convert absorbed light into electrical responses via a G protein cascade.
Visual poetry
Visual poetry is poetry in which the visual arrangement of language, including typography and layout, carries meaning, sitting at the boundary between literature and the visual arts.
Visual pollution
Visual pollution: degradation of visual environmental quality by intrusive elements such as outdoor advertising, signage, unregulated infrastructure, and obtrusive light. Known for mid-20th-century origins, subjective measurement, the 1965 US Highway Beautification Act, and quantified billboard impacts.
Visual programming language
A visual programming language, also known as a graphical programming language or visual scripting, uses diagrams of interconnected blocks and nodes instead of text to build programs.
Visual prosthesis
Visual prosthesis (bionic eye): implantable device restoring rudimentary sight by electrically stimulating surviving retinal or cortical neurons; approved devices include Argus II, IRIS II, Alpha IMS/AMS; acuity stays below legal blindness.
Visual reinforcement audiometry
Visual reinforcement audiometry is a behavioral hearing test in which infants are conditioned to turn toward sound for a visual reward, used from about 6 to 24 months.
Visual release hallucinations
Visual release hallucinations, or Charles Bonnet syndrome, are complex purely visual hallucinations in people with vision loss and intact cognition, caused by cortical release after deafferentation, often ceasing when sight improves.
Visual rhetoric
Visual rhetoric is the study of the persuasive power of visual artifacts such as photographs, cartoons, maps, monuments, and film, emerging from US communication studies in the 1970s.
Visual search task
A visual search task is a cognitive psychology experiment in which participants look for a designated target among distracting items, measuring attention through reaction time and accuracy.
Visual servoing
Visual servoing is a robot-control technique that uses camera image features in a feedback loop to guide a robot's motion toward a desired pose or target.
Visual SLAM
Visual SLAM is a family of real-time algorithms that estimate a camera's trajectory and build a map of its surroundings, correcting drift when the camera revisits a place.
Visual snow syndrome
Visual snow syndrome (VSS), also called visual snow, is a chronic neurological condition of continuous pan-field visual static plus palinopsia, entoptic phenomena, photophobia, or nyctalopia; ICHD-3 criteria, ~2% prevalence, cortical hyperexcitability, and lamotrigine as best-evidence treatment distinguish it.
Visual Studio
Visual Studio is Microsoft's integrated development environment for building .NET, C++, and other applications on Windows, first released in 1997 and now available as the 64-bit Visual Studio 2022.
Visual Studio Code
Visual Studio Code, also known as VS Code, is Microsoft's extensible source-code editor, first previewed in April 2015 as a lightweight, cross-platform version of Visual Studio.
Visual system
Visual system: the neural pathway converting light into perception, from retinal phototransduction through optic nerve, chiasm, LGN, and visual cortex; also called the visual pathway, with retinotopic organization and localizable field defects.
Visual testing
Visual testing, also called visual inspection, is a nondestructive testing method that detects surface discontinuities such as cracks and corrosion using the naked eye or optical aids.
Visual world paradigm
The visual world paradigm is an eye-tracking method in psycholinguistics that records where listeners look in a visual scene while hearing spoken language, as a measure of comprehension.
Visual-inertial odometry
Visual-inertial odometry is the process of estimating the pose and velocity of a moving agent such as a robot, drone, or phone from cameras and inertial measurement units.
VisualBoyAdvance
VisualBoyAdvance (VBA) is a free, open-source emulator for the Game Boy, Game Boy Color, and Game Boy Advance, first released in 1999 by the developer Forgotten.
Visualization (graphics)
Visualization (graphics) is the visual or graphic representation of data using marks and encodings such as bars, lines, and points. Covers its history from Bertin and Beck, graphical perception rankings, comparison layouts, pitfalls, literacy, and standards like ISO 10303-46.
Visuddhacariya
Visuddhacariya (विसुद्धाचरिय) was a Theravada monk recorded in the Cūḷavaṃsa as head of monks sent by Dhammika of Ayojjhā to Ceylon at King Kittisirirājasīha's request to reinstate the Order, remaining there to ordain and teach.
Visuddhimagga (विसुद्धिमग्ग)
The Visuddhimagga (विसुद्धिमग्ग), Pali for "Path of Purification," is a fifth-century treatise by Buddhaghosa summarizing the Tipitaka, the principal non-canonical authority of the Theravada tradition.