All articles starting with V

Vitou

Vitou (Lu Vito in Nissart) is a traditional trick-taking card game from Nice, France, related to Truc, played by four players in partnerships with a 32-card deck, unusual 10-9-A-K-Q-J-8-7 ranking, and bids of 3, 6, 12, and baraque to 21 points.

Vitovka Raion

Vitovka Raion (Вітовський район), formerly Zhovtneve Raion, was a district of Mykolaiv Oblast, Ukraine, renamed in 2016 and abolished 19 July 2020, merged into Mykolaiv Raion; center Zhovtneve (Vitovka, Bohoyavlensk).

Vitr (crater on Callisto)

Vitr is a 72.8 km impact crater on Callisto at 22.1°S, 349.4°W, named after a Norse dwarf and approved by the IAU in 1979, on the outermost heavily cratered Galilean moon.

Vitra

Vitra is a Swiss family-owned furniture manufacturer headquartered in Birsfelden near Basel, founded in 1950 and known for the Vitra Campus, an ensemble of buildings by leading architects.

Vitrectomy

Vitrectomy is eye surgery removing vitreous gel to treat retinal diseases, such as detachment and macular holes; the procedure replaces the gel with saline, gas, or oil.

Vitreoretinal Surgery

Vitreoretinal surgery is the branch of ophthalmology treating retina and vitreous diseases, established as a subspecialty after Robert Machemer's first pars plana vitrectomy in 1970.

Vitreous body

Vitreous body (vitreous humor, corpus vitreum): transparent gel filling the eye between lens and retina, about 80% of ocular volume, 98-99.7% water with type II collagen and hyaluronan; develops in three phases and liquefies with age.

Vitreous carbon

Vitreous carbon, also known as glassy carbon, is a pure, non-graphitizing carbon first synthesized in the 1930s and made by pyrolyzing thermosetting resins under an inert atmosphere.

Vitreous enamel

Vitreous enamel, also known as porcelain enamel, is a hard coating made by fusing powdered glass onto metal at about 800 °C, used for cookware and industrial parts.

Vitreous haemorrhage

Vitreous hemorrhage is bleeding into the vitreous cavity of the eye, causing sudden painless vision loss; common causes include diabetic retinopathy, posterior vitreous detachment, and trauma.

Vitreous prolapse

Vitreous prolapse (ICD-10 H43.0, ICD-11 9B82), also called vitreous loss, is forward displacement of vitreous gel into the anterior segment, usually after posterior capsule rupture in cataract surgery or delayed after YAG capsulotomy.

Vitricium

Vitricium (also Utricio, Bitricium) was a Roman mansio of the Salassi between Aosta and Ivrea, identified with modern Verrès in the Aosta Valley, with a Roman bridge over the Evançon.

Vitrification

Vitrification is the transformation of a liquid into an amorphous solid, a glass, by cooling fast enough that crystallization is avoided; it is the major route to making glass.

Oct 22, 2026

Vitrimer

A vitrimer is a cross-linked polymer network whose covalent bonds exchange associatively under heat, so it behaves like a thermoset in service yet can be reprocessed like a thermoplastic.

Oct 22, 2026

Vitrimer-based recyclable carbon-fiber composite

A vitrimer-based recyclable carbon-fiber composite is a carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer whose vitrimer matrix, a thermoset with dynamic covalent bonds, can be reshaped, repaired, or dissolved so both resin and fibers are recovered.

Vitrinite reflectance

Vitrinite reflectance (Rₒ) is the percentage of light reflected from vitrinite, woody plant matter in sedimentary rocks, and is the standard geothermometer for their thermal maturity.

Vitriol

Vitriol is the historical name for glassy metal sulfate salts, including blue vitriol (copper sulfate), and for concentrated sulfuric acid, which early chemists called oil of vitriol.

Vitro

Vitro is a Mexican glass manufacturer founded in 1909 as Vidriera Monterrey, producing flat glass, glass containers, automotive glass, and chemicals across more than 45 countries.

Vitronic

Vitronic, a German machine vision company founded in Wiesbaden in 1984, develops image-based systems for industrial quality inspection, logistics automation, and traffic enforcement, including the PoliScan LiDAR speed cameras.

Vitruvian Man

Vitruvian Man, Leonardo da Vinci's c. 1490 pen-and-ink drawing in Venice's Gallerie dell'Accademia, shows a male figure inscribed in circle and square illustrating Vitruvius's ideal human body proportions, with arm span equal to height.

Vitruvius

Vitruvius, full name Marcus Vitruvius Pollio, was a Roman architect and military engineer of the first century BCE, author of De architectura, the only architectural treatise to survive from antiquity.

VITS

VITS, short for Variational Inference with adversarial learning for end-to-end Text-to-Speech, is a 2021 method that synthesizes speech waveforms directly from text in one parallel pass.

Sep 21, 2026

Vittal K. Yachandra

Vittal K. Yachandra is a biophysical chemist and spectroscopist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory who studies photosynthetic water oxidation and metalloenzymes by X-ray spectroscopy and femtosecond X-ray laser crystallography.

Vittal Mallya

Vittal Mallya (1924–1983), Telugu విఠల్ మాల్య, was an Indian entrepreneur who took over United Breweries in 1947 at age 22 and built a Rs 500 crore conglomerate in beer, spirits, foods, and pharma, later led by his son Vijay Mallya.

Vittaria

Vittaria (shoestring ferns), a genus of eight accepted epiphytic fern species in Pteridaceae, native to tropical America and Africa; narrowed by molecular work after Old World species moved to Haplopteris.

Vittaria appalachiana

Vittaria appalachiana, the Appalachian shoestring fern (Appalachian gametophyte), is a Pteridaceae fern of the eastern United States existing only as a gametophyte, reproducing via gemmae, with no sporophyte ever observed; autopolyploid, n=120, Pleistocene origin.

Vittarioideae

Vittarioideae (vittarioid or shoestring ferns), formerly Vittariaceae, is a Pteridaceae subfamily of 100–130 species of simplified tropical epiphytic ferns, sister to Adiantum, with about 11–12 genera including Antrophyum, Haplopteris, Vittaria, and Antrophyopsis.