All articles starting with W
11,426 articles
Workers' self-management
Workers' self-management: worker collective control of enterprise decisions, most fully realized in Yugoslavia from 1950 to the 1980s and continued today in worker cooperatives with one-member-one-vote governance.
Workers' self-management in Yugoslavia
Workers' self-management in Yugoslavia was an economic system, in force from 1950 until 1991, under which elected workers' councils ran socially owned enterprises instead of state ministries.
Workers' Theatre Movement
The Workers' Theatre Movement was a British agitprop theater movement of the interwar years, organized from 1925 and dissolved in 1936, whose legacy was London's Unity Theatre.
Workers' Youth League (Norway)
Workers' Youth League (Arbeidernes Ungdomsfylking, AUF), Norway's Labour Party youth organization, founded 1903 in Drammen, over 10,000 members; 69 killed at its 2011 Utøya summer camp in the July 22 attacks.
Workflow
A workflow is the ordered set of steps, rules, and hand-offs by which work moves from trigger to completion, carried out by people, software, or both.
Workflow orchestration
Workflow orchestration coordinates automated tasks across systems using DAGs, schedules, triggers, retries, and state tracking; distinct from automation, ETL, and process orchestration; tools include Airflow, Temporal, Argo, and Step Functions.
Workflow patterns
Workflow patterns are recurring, generic constructs in the design of workflow and business process systems, described independently of any modeling language and used to compare languages and engines.
Workforce
The workforce, also called the labor force, comprises people who are employed or unemployed and actively seeking work, reaching about 3.74 billion people worldwide in 2025.
Workforce Diversity
Workforce diversity, also called workplace or diverse workforce diversity, is the range of human differences employees bring to work, including race, gender, age, disability, and religion; studied through inclusion measures, DEI interventions, and EEO-1 demographic reporting.
WorkForce Software
WorkForce Software, legally WorkForce Software Holdings, LLC, was a Livonia, Michigan workforce management software company founded in 1999 and acquired by ADP in October 2024.
WorkFusion
WorkFusion is a New York software company founded in 2010 that built AI digital workers for financial crime compliance at banks, acquired by UiPath in 2026.
Workhouse
A workhouse was a British and Irish institution where the poor received food and shelter under a strict regime, central to the Poor Law until 1948.
Workin' Moms
Workin' Moms is a Canadian comedy-drama created by and starring Catherine Reitman, about four Toronto mothers (Kate, Anne, Jenny, Frankie) returning to work after maternity leave. It ran on CBC from January 10, 2017, moved to Netflix in 2019, and ended with a seventh and final season in 2023.
Working and equine welfare charities
Working and equine welfare charities are non-profit organizations improving the health and welfare of working horses, donkeys, and mules, led by Brooke, founded in 1934, and Working Animals International.
Working animal
Working animal: domesticated livestock used for traction and transport (horses, donkeys, mules, oxen, buffalo, camels, camelids) plus working dogs for detection, protection and assistance. Key figures: 123M equids, 10–14% body-weight draught limits, WOAH welfare standards, 2024 AU donkey-slaughter moratorium.
Working capital
Working capital, also known as operating capital, is a company's current assets minus current liabilities, representing funds available for day-to-day operations and measured by the cash conversion cycle.
Working class
The working class, also called working people, is the large group of workers in manual, service, or routine jobs who depend on wages rather than capital income.
Working Conditions
Working conditions, also called work or workplace environment, are the conditions under which jobs are performed: physical setting, safety exposures, work organization, and workplace culture. Key facts: MeSH term D000092922 (2023); ILO OSH standards; WHO/ILO burden estimates.
Working cow horse
Working cow horse, also called reined cow horse or stock horse, is a western equestrian sport judged in herd work, rein work, and cow work, governed since 1949 by the NRCHA and scored from a 70 average.
Working dog
Working dog: a dog trained for practical jobs such as herding, guarding livestock, or the AKC Working Group of guardian breeds; livestock guardian dogs have protected flocks for at least 5,000 years.
Working drawing
A working drawing is a technical drawing in a set of construction documents that gives contractors the dimensions, locations, and assembly details needed to build the design.
Working equitation
Working equitation (WE) is an equestrian discipline founded in 1996 by Italy, France, and Spain, joined by Portugal in 1997, combining dressage, ease of handling, speed, and cattle trials under WAWE, founded 2004.
Working Families Party
Working Families Party (WFP), US progressive multiracial political party founded in New York in 1998; uses fusion voting, ballot-qualified in New York, Connecticut, and Oregon, with chapters in 18 states and national director Maurice Mitchell.
Working Girl
Working Girl is a 1988 American romantic comedy-drama directed by Mike Nichols, starring Melanie Griffith as a Staten Island secretary who impersonates her boss, with Harrison Ford and Sigourney Weaver.
Working Girls
Working Girls is Lizzie Borden's 1986 American independent drama about a day in the life of sex workers, led by Louise Smith as photographer Molly, in a Manhattan brothel. Premiered at Cannes Directors' Fortnight, won a Sundance Special Jury Recognition, restored by Criterion in 2021.
Working Group on Internet Governance
The Working Group on Internet Governance (WGIG) was a United Nations group set up in 2003 under the WSIS summit, whose 2005 report defined Internet governance and shaped the Internet Governance Forum.
Working Group on Women in Physics
The Working Group on Women in Physics is an IUPAP working group, created in 1999 to survey the status of women in physics worldwide and recommend improvements.
Working holiday visa
Working holiday visa: temporary bilateral-scheme visa letting young people (usually 18-30 or 18-35) holiday and work abroad up to 12 months or longer; major schemes run by Australia (subclasses 417/462), New Zealand, Canada (IEC), UK (Youth Mobility Scheme), and Japan.
Working memory
Working memory: the limited-capacity cognitive system for temporarily maintaining and manipulating information during reasoning, comprehension, and learning. Also called short-term or active memory; modeled by Baddeley and Hitch's multicomponent framework with phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and central executive.
Working memory training
Working memory training is a cognitive intervention using repeated, adaptive memory tasks, originally developed for children with ADHD, that improves trained tasks but shows contested far transfer.