All articles starting with Z
3,498 articles
Z-DNA-binding protein 1
Z-DNA-binding protein 1 (ZBP1; DLM-1, DAI) is a cytosolic innate immune sensor of left-handed Z-form DNA and RNA that drives RIPK3-MLKL necroptosis, PANoptosis, and NF-κB/IFN signaling, regulated by ADAR1 and targeted by viral antagonists.
Z-fighting
Z-fighting is a rendering artifact in real-time 3D graphics in which coplanar surfaces flicker or show patchy patterns because the depth buffer cannot reliably separate their depths.
Z-Image
Z-Image is a 6-billion-parameter open-weight text-to-image model from Alibaba's Tongyi MAI, released as Z-Image-Turbo in November 2025 and known for photorealistic images on consumer graphics cards with under 16 GB of VRAM.
Z-Library
Z-Library (B-ok) is a shadow library offering free pirated e-books and articles since 2009, claiming over 11 million books. US authorities seized about 249 domains in 2022 and charged operators Anton Napolsky and Valeriia Ermakova, who escaped house arrest in 2024; mirrors persist.
Z-machine
The Z-machine is a virtual machine, an imaginary computer implemented only in software, that Infocom designed in 1979 to run its interactive fiction text adventure games portably.
Z-parameters
Z-parameters, also called impedance or open-circuit impedance parameters, are a set of four complex numbers, measured in ohms, that describe a linear two-port network by relating its port voltages to its port currents.
Z-pinch
A Z-pinch is a plasma confinement scheme in which an axial electrical current compresses the plasma toward its axis, an early fusion concept now used in pulsed-power experiments.
Z-plasty
Z-plasty is a plastic surgery technique in which two triangular skin flaps are transposed in a Z-shaped incision to lengthen scars and contractures, used widely in reconstructive and burn surgery.
Z-R relationship
The Z-R relationship is an empirical power law, Z = aR^b, that converts radar reflectivity into rainfall rate; the classic Marshall–Palmer form, Z = 200R^1.6, dates from 1948.
Z-Ro
Z-Ro (Joseph Wayne McVey), the Mo City Don or King of the Ghetto, is a Houston rapper of the Screwed Up Click and Guerilla Maab; breakthrough Z-Ro vs. the World (2000), Rap-A-Lot albums, Crack (2008) at Billboard No. 48, ABN duo with Trae tha Truth.
Z-scan
The Z-scan is a nonlinear optics technique, introduced in 1989, that measures a material's nonlinear refractive index and nonlinear absorption by moving it through a focused laser beam.
Z-scan technique
The Z-scan technique is a single-beam optical method that measures nonlinear refraction and absorption by moving a sample through a laser focus, introduced in 1989.
Z-scheme particulate overall water splitting
Z-scheme particulate overall water splitting is a photocatalytic scheme in which two semiconductor particles, a hydrogen and an oxygen evolution catalyst, split water into hydrogen and oxygen.
Z-scheme photocatalysis
Z-scheme photocatalysis couples two light-absorbing semiconductors so their weaker carriers recombine across the junction, leaving strong electrons and holes to drive water splitting and CO2 reduction.
Z-scheme photocatalytic water splitting with Rh-doped SrTiO3
Z-scheme photocatalytic water splitting with Rh-doped SrTiO3 (SrTiO3:Rh) is a two-step scheme where rhodium-doped strontium titanate evolves hydrogen while BiVO4 evolves oxygen, first reported in 2004.
Z-selective metathesis
Z-selective metathesis is a form of catalytic olefin metathesis in which the catalyst preferentially forms the Z (cis) alkene over the more stable E isomer, first achieved in 2009.
Z-source inverter
A Z-source inverter is a power electronic converter using an X-shaped network of two inductors and two capacitors to buck and boost voltage in a single stage.
Z-Squad (크리스탈妖精 지스쿼드)
Z-Squad (크리스탈요정 지스쿼드, Crystal Fairy Z-Squad) is a 2006 South Korean-Canadian 3D CGI magical girl series by Enemes and Nelvana: 26 SBS episodes about Chaney, Haemi, and Jeanie seeking 144 crystals to save Z-Nation.
Z-test
A z-test is a statistical hypothesis test whose test statistic follows a standard normal distribution under the null hypothesis, typically testing a mean with known standard deviation or a proportion.
Z-transform
The z-transform, also known as the bilateral z-transform or z-transformation, converts a discrete-time signal into a complex function, serving as the discrete-time counterpart of the Laplace transform.
Z-Trip
Z-Trip, also billed as DJ Z-Trip, is the stage name of Zach Sciacca, an American turntablist and DJ from Phoenix, Arizona, widely described as the godfather of the mash-up.
Z-variants and unusual snoRNAs
Z-variants and unusual snoRNAs are small nucleolar RNAs that do not fit the standard C/D and H/ACA classification, including intron-lariat snoRNAs and orphan snoRNAs with unassigned functions.
Z-Wave
Z-Wave is a low-power sub-1 GHz wireless protocol for home automation, in which devices such as light dimmers, door locks, sensors, and thermostats form a mesh network controlled from a central hub.
Z: The Beginning of Everything
Z: The Beginning of Everything is a 2015-2017 Amazon Prime Video period drama starring Christina Ricci as Zelda Sayre Fitzgerald, based on Therese Anne Fowler's 2013 novel, canceled after one season when Amazon rescinded its renewal.
Z. J. John Stekly
Z. J. John Stekley, born Zdenek J. J. Stekly (1933–2009), was a Czech-born American mechanical engineer who led Magnetic Corporation of America and developed the Stekly Stability Criterion for superconducting wire.
Z. John Zhang
Z. John Zhang is a professor of inorganic and materials chemistry at the Georgia Institute of Technology who studies magnetic metal oxide nanoparticles and received a 2001 PECASE award.
Z. Valy Vardeny
Zeev "Valy" Vardeny is an experimental physicist and Distinguished Professor at the University of Utah, known for the first organic spin valve in Nature in 2004.
Z.ai
Z.ai, also known as Zhipu AI, is a Chinese artificial intelligence company founded in 2019 by Tsinghua University researchers that develops the GLM family of large language models.
Z.AI 1GW data center
The Z.AI 1GW data center is a 1-gigawatt AI computing campus that Z.AI, formerly Zhipu, reportedly completed in mid-2026, filling it exclusively with Chinese-made chips.
Z/OS
z/OS is IBM's 64-bit operating system for Z mainframe computers, introduced in 2001 and evolved from OS/390, running secure, high-volume workloads for banking, government, and airlines.