All articles A–Z

Signaling game

A signaling game is a game-theoretic model in which an informed sender conveys private information to a receiver through signals, used in economics, biology, and machine learning.

Oct 20, 2026

Signaling threshold-regulating transmembrane adapter 1

SIT1 (SIT, SHP2-interacting transmembrane adaptor protein, gp30/40) is a transmembrane adaptor protein of T lymphocytes that negatively regulates T-cell receptor signaling, setting thymic selection thresholds; loss of function causes combined immunodeficiency.

Signalling (economics)

Signalling, also called the signaling hypothesis, is the economic theory that informed parties credibly convey private information through costly actions, as in Michael Spence's 1973 education model.

Signalling Connection Control Part

The Signalling Connection Control Part (SCCP) is a protocol layer of Signalling System No. 7 (SS7), providing connectionless and connection-oriented services above the Message Transfer Part.

Signalling System No. 6

Signalling System No. 6 (SS6) is a CCITT common-channel signaling system carrying call signals over shared links; it entered international service in 1978 between the United States, Japan, Australia, and the United Kingdom.

Signalling System No. 7

Signalling System No. 7 (SS7) is a set of common-channel signaling protocols, standardized by the CCITT in 1980, that telephone exchanges use to set up and manage calls.

Signalling theory

Signalling theory explains honest communication between parties with conflicting interests, spanning Zahavi's 1975 handicap principle, Spence's 1973 economic signaling model, and the modern view that trade-offs, not signal costs, maintain honesty.

Signals (Rush album)

Signals (1982) is the ninth studio album by Canadian rock band Rush, recorded at Le Studio, Quebec. Known for Subdivisions, the synth-forward sound, the Canadian number-one single New World Man, and as Rush's last album with producer Terry Brown.

Signals intelligence

Signals intelligence (SIGINT) is intelligence from exploiting foreign electronic emissions, covering COMINT, ELINT, FISINT, and PROFORMA; the NSA, established in 1952, leads U.S. SIGINT under Executive Order 12333 and FISA.

SignalWire

SignalWire is an American cloud communications company founded in 2017 in Palo Alto by the developers of FreeSWITCH, offering programmable voice, video, messaging, and AI agents.

Oct 21, 2026

Signata

Signata (†Signata Dante & Frizzell, 1965) is an extinct fossil cusk-eel (Ophidiidae) genus known from Eocene otoliths of the US Gulf Coastal Plain, with two species, S. stenzeli and S. nicoli; not to be confused with unrelated species named signata.

Signature

Signature: a mark, name, or electronic act executed with intent to authenticate a document. Covers its legal function, historical forms from seals to autopen, and electronic signature law under E-SIGN and eIDAS.

Signature (logic)

In mathematical logic, a signature, also called a vocabulary or language, is the collection of constant, function, and relation symbols, with their arities, for building first-order formulas.

Signature Bank

Signature Bank was a New York State-chartered commercial bank with $110.4 billion in assets, closed by regulators on March 12, 2023 after a deposit run.

Signature scheme

A signature scheme is a cryptographic method of three algorithms, key generation, signing, and verification, giving authentication, integrity, and non-repudiation; RSA was the first practical scheme, published in 1978.

Signature verification

Signature verification is the process of deciding whether a signature is genuine or forged, done by forensic document examiners and by automated biometric systems used in banking.

Signature, ratification and entry into force of United Nations General Assembly treaties

Signature, ratification, and entry into force of United Nations General Assembly treaties describes how GA treaties become binding: signature, ratification or accession, entry-into-force thresholds, and depositary functions.

Oct 22, 2026

Signatures: An Anthology of Philippine Poetry in English

Signatures is a 1955 anthology of Philippine poetry in English, published in Manila and associated with the writers Alejandrino G. Hufana and R. V. Diaz.

Signavio

Signavio is a Berlin-based business process management and process mining software vendor, owned by SAP since 2021 and sold as the SAP Signavio Process Transformation Suite.

Signcryption

Signcryption is a public-key cryptographic method that performs digital signature and encryption in a single logical step, introduced by Yuliang Zheng in 1997 and cheaper than signing and encrypting separately.

Sep 27, 2026

Signe Munk

Signe Munk is a Danish Socialist People's Party politician who has been deputy leader since 2014 and Minister for Cities, Rural Areas and Transport since 2026.

Signe Toly Anderson

Signe Toly Anderson (1941–2016), American singer, original female vocalist of Jefferson Airplane 1965–66; sang on Jefferson Airplane Takes Off, left October 1966, replaced by Grace Slick.

Signed but unratified treaties

Signed but unratified treaties are international agreements a state has signed subject to ratification but not yet approved domestically, so signature does not bind it as a party.

Signed distance function

A signed distance function (SDF) returns, for each point in space, the distance to the nearest surface of a shape, negative inside and positive outside by convention.

Signed number representations

Signed number representations, also known as signed integer representations, are conventions for encoding positive and negative integers as binary bits, with two's complement dominating modern hardware.

Signed zero

Signed zero is the property of floating-point systems, notably IEEE 754, of representing zero as +0 and −0, which compare equal but behave differently in division.

Signetics

Signetics was an American semiconductor company founded in 1961 in Mountain View, California, the first company established to design integrated circuits and the original producer of the 555 timer.

Significance analysis of microarrays

Significance analysis of microarrays (SAM) is a permutation-based statistical method introduced by Tusher, Tibshirani, and Chu in 2001 that identifies differentially expressed genes in microarray experiments while estimating the false discovery rate.

Significance arithmetic

Significance arithmetic is a form of computer arithmetic for approximate quantities that propagates errors through each operation and reports only reliable digits; it underlies Mathematica's arbitrary-precision arithmetic.