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Silhak
Silhak (實學), meaning "practical learning," is the reform Confucian current of late Joseon Korea, peaking in the 18th century with scholars like Yu Hyeong-won and Jeong Yak-yong.
Silhouette
Silhouette portraiture: solid black profile likenesses cut from paper or painted, named after French finance minister Étienne de Silhouette; popular from about 1700 until photography, revived by Edouart and reimagined by Kara Walker.
Silhouette (clustering)
The silhouette, or silhouette score, is a cluster validity index introduced by Peter J. Rousseeuw in 1987 that measures how well each object fits its cluster versus the nearest other cluster.
Silhouette (Kana-Boon song)
"Silhouette" (シルエット) is a 2014 song by the Japanese rock band Kana-Boon, written by Maguro Taniguchi as the 16th opening theme of Naruto: Shippuden and the band's signature song.
Silibinin
Silibinin (silybin, mixture of silybins A and B) is the major flavonolignan of silymarin from milk thistle (Silybum marianum), with antioxidant hepatoprotective activity, poor water solubility and oral bioavailability, and intravenous use in Europe as the amatoxin mushroom poisoning antidote.
Silica aerogel superinsulation
Silica aerogel superinsulation is thermal insulation made from nanoporous silica aerogel, with conductivity of 5 to 20 mW/(m·K), used in buildings, transport, apparel, and electric-vehicle batteries.
Silica fume
Silica fume, also called microsilica, is an amorphous silicon dioxide by-product of silicon and ferrosilicon smelting used in concrete to raise strength, cut permeability, and improve durability.
Silica gel
Silica gel, a porous amorphous form of silicon dioxide, is a widely used desiccant sold as beads in packets, and serves as the stationary phase in chromatography.
Silica gel 60
Silica gel 60 is a grade of porous silicon dioxide with 60 Å mean pores, used as the stationary phase in TLC, column, and flash chromatography.
Silica in Equisetum: deposition and biomineralization
Silica in Equisetum (horsetails): amorphous SiO2 biomineralization from silicic acid, up to 25% of dry matter, deposited via callose templating and NIP aquaporin transporters, distinguishing horsetails from grasses.
Silica modulus
The silica modulus, also called the silica ratio, is a control index in cement manufacturing, defined as the mass ratio of silica to combined alumina and iron oxide.
Silica scaling geothermal
Silica scaling in geothermal power plants is the deposition of solid silica from cooling, depressurized brine on wellbores, piping, and injection wells, often forcing plants to limit output or shut down.
Silica–gold nanoshell therapy
Silica–gold nanoshell therapy, known as AuroLase therapy using AuroShell particles, is an investigational cancer treatment in which infused gold-coated silica nanoparticles destroy tumor cells when heated by near-infrared laser light.
Silicalite-1
Silicalite-1, also called S-1, is a pure-silica MFI zeolite molecular sieve with 10-ring channels, reported in 1978, and used for ethanol/water separation membranes and organic adsorption.
Silicate
A silicate is a mineral or compound built from SiO4 tetrahedra, one silicon bonded to four oxygen atoms; silicates make up over 90% of Earth's crust.
Silicate cement
Silicate cement is a translucent dental restorative material developed in England in 1873 and used mainly in anterior teeth, later replaced by glass-ionomer cement developed in the late 1960s.
Silicate cloud weather in brown dwarfs
Silicate cloud weather in brown dwarfs is weather from clouds of magnesium and iron silicates in the atmospheres of brown dwarfs, studied through JWST variability monitoring.
Silicene
Silicene is a two-dimensional allotrope of silicon with a buckled honeycomb lattice, analogous to graphene. It cannot be exfoliated from bulk silicon and is grown epitaxially on substrates.
Silicic acid
Silicic acid, formerly orthosilicic acid, is a weak silicon oxoacid with formula Si(OH)₄ and is the main dissolved form of silicon in natural waters and oceans.
Silicidation
Silicidation is a semiconductor fabrication process in which a deposited metal film reacts with silicon at high temperature to form a low-resistivity silicide used on transistor source, drain, and gate regions.
Silicide thermoelectrics
Silicide thermoelectrics are thermoelectric materials based on compounds of silicon with metals, such as Mg2(Si,Sn) and manganese silicide, developed for low-cost waste-heat power generation using abundant, non-toxic elements.
SILICOFCM trial
SILICOFCM (NCT03832660) was a phase II randomized open-label trial of sacubitril/valsartan versus lifestyle intervention in nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; 115 patients randomized, 16-week treatment did not improve peak VO2, structure, or function.
Silicon
Silicon (symbol Si, atomic number 14) is a metalloid that makes up 27.7% of Earth's crust and serves as the dominant semiconductor in microelectronics and solar cells.
Silicon anode
A silicon anode is a lithium-ion battery electrode using silicon instead of graphite, storing roughly ten times more lithium but limited by its large volume change.
Silicon carbide
Silicon carbide (SiC) is a hard compound of silicon and carbon, used as an abrasive and refractory ceramic and in high-power electronics; its rare natural form is moissanite.
Silicon carbide divacancy qubit
The silicon carbide divacancy qubit is a spin-1 quantum bit from a missing silicon and carbon atom pair in SiC, coherent for seconds and suited to quantum networks.
Silicon carbide MOSFET
A silicon carbide MOSFET is a power transistor built on wide-bandgap silicon carbide, giving lower on-resistance and faster switching than silicon, with first commercial devices sold from 2010.
Silicon carbide wafer
A silicon carbide wafer is a thin disc of single-crystal 4H-SiC serving as the substrate for SiC power and radio-frequency devices, which handle higher voltages and temperatures than silicon allows.
Silicon controlled rectifier
The silicon controlled rectifier, also called a thyristor, is a p-n-p-n semiconductor device introduced by General Electric in 1957 that latches on when triggered by a gate current.
Silicon dangling-bond logic
Silicon dangling-bond logic, also called SiDB logic or Binary Atomic Silicon Logic (BASiL), is an experimental computing technology where single silicon atoms act as bits, first demonstrated in 2018.