All articles A–Z

Single-sex education

Single-sex education teaches boys and girls separately in classrooms or schools. Key evidence: the 2014 meta-analysis of 184 studies found trivial controlled effects, while Trinidad and Tobago's 2010 conversions of 20 schools showed causal gains in exam scores, completion, and behavior.

Single-shield tunnel boring machine

A single-shield tunnel boring machine (single-shield TBM) is a hard-rock boring machine that thrusts against the segmental lining it erects, so boring and ring building alternate rather than overlap.

Single-shot

A single-shot firearm is a gun whose mechanism holds no more than one cartridge, requiring manual reload after each shot; it dominated firearms into the 1890s.

Oct 22, 2026

Single-shot error correction

Single-shot error correction is a property of quantum error-correcting codes in which a single round of noisy syndrome measurements suffices for reliable correction, replacing repeated rounds.

Single-sideband modulation

Single-sideband modulation (SSB) is an efficient form of amplitude modulation that transmits only one sideband and suppresses the carrier, halving bandwidth; it is the standard voice mode on HF radio.

Single-stage-to-orbit

A single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) vehicle, also called one stage to orbit, reaches low Earth orbit using a single rocket stage. No Earth-launched SSTO has ever flown.

Oct 21, 2026

Single-strand annealing weakened protein 1

Saw1 (single-strand annealing weakened protein 1, SAW1/YAL027W) is a 261-amino-acid Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA repair scaffold that binds 3'-flap DNA and recruits the Rad1-Rad10 nuclease to recombination intermediates in single-strand annealing.

Single-strand conformation polymorphism

Single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) is an electrophoretic method, first reported in 1989, that detects unknown mutations in PCR-amplified DNA as mobility shifts, which are then sequenced.

Single-subject design

A single-subject design is an experimental method in which one participant is measured repeatedly across baseline and intervention phases, testing whether a treatment changes that person's behavior.

Single-subject research

Single-subject research is a family of experimental designs in which one case is measured repeatedly under alternating baseline and intervention conditions, serving as its own control.

Single-subject rule

The single-subject rule requires US ballot initiatives to address one topic and connected matters. Nineteen states apply it by constitution or statute to curb logrolling and voter confusion.

Oct 21, 2026

Single-Tooth Dental Implants

A single-tooth dental implant is a titanium post placed in the jawbone to replace one missing tooth and its root, bonding to bone through osseointegration and carrying a crown.

Single-unit recording

Single-unit recording is an electrophysiology method that measures the action potentials of individual neurons with microelectrodes, in vivo or in vitro, to study neural coding and circuit function.

Single-use bioreactor

Single-use bioreactor: disposable cell culture vessel with a pre-sterilized polymer bag discarded after one batch, used for monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, and cell and gene therapies; pioneered by the 1996 WAVE bioreactor and Hyclone's 2004 stirred tank.

Single-ventricle physiology

Single-ventricle physiology: one functional ventricle pumps to both lungs and body with mixing of blood. Treated by staged Norwood, Glenn, and Fontan palliation; Fontan circulation causes venous hypertension, liver disease, and transplant-dependent failure.

Single-voxel spectroscopy

Single-voxel spectroscopy (SVS) is a magnetic resonance spectroscopy technique that acquires a metabolite spectrum from one small, precisely defined tissue volume, applied mostly to the brain.

Oct 22, 2026

Single-walled carbon nanotube conductive additives

Single-walled carbon nanotube conductive additives are SWCNTs added in small mass fractions to lithium-ion battery electrodes, forming conductive networks at far lower loadings than carbon black.

Oct 22, 2026

Single-walled carbon nanotubes

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are cylindrical nanostructures of single-layer sp²-bonded carbon, typically 1–2 nm in diameter, first synthesized in 1993 by NEC and IBM groups.

Single-wing formation

Single-wing formation, an American football offense devised by Pop Warner in 1906 at Carlisle: direct snap, unbalanced line, wingback, no quarterback; dominant early offense until the T-formation, last NFL use by the Pittsburgh Steelers.

Single, Out

Single, Out is a 2022 Australian comedy-drama web series by Lee Galea, set in Melbourne, following Adam (Will Hutchins) after he comes out as gay; four seasons (2022–2026) streamed on Here TV.

Single's Inferno (솔로지옥)

Single's Inferno (솔로지옥) is Netflix's South Korean reality dating series, debuting December 2021, in which singles stranded on a deserted island escape only by coupling up for luxury-hotel "Paradise" dates; it reached five seasons, first Korean unscripted Global Top 10 entry, and Season 6 confirmation in 2026.

Single's Inferno, season 2 (솔로지옥 2)

Single's Inferno season 2 (솔로지옥 2) is the 2022 second season of Netflix's Korean reality dating show, announced April 12, 2022, premiering December 13 with 10 episodes and 65.08 million Top 10 viewing hours.

Single's Inferno, season 4 (솔로지옥 4)

Single's Inferno season 4 (솔로지옥 4), Netflix Korean dating reality show's fourth season, aired January 14 to February 11, 2025, 12 episodes, four final couples, highest first-week viewership in the franchise.

Single's Inferno, season 5 (솔로지옥 5)

Single's Inferno season 5 (솔로지옥 5), the 2026 fifth season of Netflix's Korean island dating reality show, aired January 20 to February 10, 2026, in 12 episodes with 15 contestants and ended with five final couples.

Singled Out

Singled Out is MTV's dating game show that premiered June 5, 1995, in which a blindfolded picker eliminates 50 contestants to choose a date. Hosted by Chris Hardwick and Jenny McCarthy, later Carmen Electra; rebooted on Quibi in 2020 with Keke Palmer and Joel Kim Booster.