All articles A–Z

Sophocles (Σοφοκλῆς)

Sophocles (Σοφοκλῆς, c. 496–406 BCE), Athenian tragic poet of Colonus, second of the great three tragedians; wrote about 120 plays, added the third actor, raised the chorus to 15, won about 24 first prizes, and left seven complete tragedies including Oedipus Tyrannus and Antigone.

Sophomore

Sophomore: the American term for a second-year student in high school (10th grade) or college. First recorded in the 1680s from sophumer/sophism; the 'wise fool' Greek etymology is folk etymology. Related to class-year credit thresholds and the debated sophomore slump.

Sep 27, 2026

Sophon Saram

Sophon Saram, born in 1959, is a Thai Bhumjaithai politician and longtime Buriram MP who has served as Speaker of the House of Representatives since March 2026.

Sep 19, 2026

Sophonisba

Sophonisba, also written Sophonisbe, was a Carthaginian noblewoman of the Second Punic War who married Numidia's King Syphax and took poison in 203 BC rather than face Roman captivity.

Sophora

Sophora (necklacepod) is a genus of 64 accepted legume species (Fabaceae) with pinnate leaves and moniliform pods, cosmopolitan from Asia to the Pacific, originating ca. 31 Mya in Central Asia, rich in quinolizidine alkaloids.

Sophora flavescens

Sophora flavescens (Kushen, 苦参), shrubby sophora or bitter ginseng, is a Fabaceae subshrub native from Siberia to temperate East Asia whose alkaloid- and flavonoid-rich root is a major traditional Chinese medicine.

Sophoridine hydrochloride

Sophoridine hydrochloride (盐酸槐定碱) is a quinolizidine alkaloid isolated from Sophora alopecuroides, approved in China in 2005 as an injectable anticancer drug for gastric, lung, and liver cancers.

Sophos

Sophos Limited is a British cybersecurity company headquartered in Oxford, England. Founded in 1985, it sells endpoint, network, and cloud security and managed detection and response services.

Sophronios I

Sophronios I was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, dated 1463 to 1464 on the Patriarchate's official list; historian Dan Ioan Mureșan identifies him with the cleric Sylvester Syropoulos.

Sophronios II

Sophronios II was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 1774 to 1780, between Samuel I and Gabriel IV, having earlier been Patriarch of Jerusalem as Sophronios V.

Sophronios III

Sophronios III (Σωφρόνιος Γ΄), later Sophronius IV, was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 1863 to 1866 and then Patriarch of Alexandria from 1870 until his death in 1899.

Oct 22, 2026

Sophronius of Vratsa

Sophronius of Vratsa (Софроний Врачански), born Stoyko Vladislavov, was a Bulgarian bishop, writer, and National Revival figure who printed the first book in modern Bulgarian in 1806.

Sophrosyne (σωφροσύνη)

Sophrosyne (σωφροσύνη, sōphrosýnē), the ancient Greek virtue of soundness of mind, self-control, and moderation; treated in Plato's Charmides and Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics, later narrowed to chastity in Christian asceticism.

Oct 22, 2026

Sophus Claussen

Sophus Claussen (1865–1931) was a Danish poet and a leading figure of Danish symbolism, attacked for frivolity in his lifetime and later hailed as a bridge between romanticism and modernism.

Sep 21, 2026

Sophus Lie

Sophus Lie (1842–1899) was a Norwegian mathematician who founded the theory of continuous transformation groups, now known as Lie groups and Lie algebras, and held chairs at Christiania and Leipzig.

Sophus Mads Jørgensen

Sophus Mads Jørgensen (1837–1914) was a Danish chemist at the University of Copenhagen whose careful experiments on cobalt and chromium complexes supplied the experimental foundation for Alfred Werner's coordination theory.

Sophy Ridge

Sophy Ridge is an English broadcast journalist and Sky News's lead politics presenter. She is known for hosting Sophy Ridge on Sunday and Mornings with Ridge & Frost.

Sopita Tanasan

Sopita Tanasan (โสภิตา ธนสาร), Thai weightlifter born 1994; 2016 Rio Olympic champion in women's 48kg (200kg total) and 2017 Anaheim world champion at 53kg (210kg).

Sopka-2

Sopka-2 (Могильник Сопка-2) is a large multi-period Bronze Age to medieval cemetery in the Baraba forest-steppe, Novosibirsk Region, Russia, excavated by V.I. Molodin; key for Krotovo, Odino, and Seima-Turbino studies.

Soplica

Soplica, also known as Soplica vodka, is a Polish brand of vodka and fruit liqueurs established in 1891, best known for flavored nalewka-style liqueurs like cherry, hazelnut, and plum.

SOPMOD

SOPMOD, or Special Operations Peculiar Modification, is a US Special Operations Command program of modular accessory kits that let special operations forces reconfigure weapons, mainly the M4A1 carbine.

Sopot International Song Festival

Sopot International Song Festival (Międzynarodowy Festiwal Piosenki w Sopocie): annual international song contest at Sopot's Forest Opera since 1961, initiated by Władysław Szpilman; the Eastern bloc's Eurovision counterpart, later Top of the Top Sopot Festival, interrupted 1981–1983.