All articles A–Z
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Southern Pacific 4449
Southern Pacific 4449, known as the Daylight, is a streamlined 1941 steam locomotive, the only surviving GS-4, that pulled Southern Pacific's San Francisco to Los Angeles passenger trains.
Southern Pacific Railroad
The Southern Pacific Railroad, chartered in California in 1865, grew into a transcontinental system spanning the Pacific Northwest to New Orleans and merged into Union Pacific in 1996.
Southern Palace of Babylon
The Southern Palace of Babylon was a royal residence of Nebuchadnezzar II on the Southern Citadel, built over an earlier palace of Nabopolassar and excavated by Robert Koldewey from 1899 to 1917.
Southern Patagonian Ice Field
The Southern Patagonian Ice Field (Spanish: Hielo Patagónico Sur) is a continental ice mass straddling the Andes on the Chile–Argentina border, the largest temperate ice mass outside Antarctica.
Southern Pine Lumber Co. 28
Southern Pine Lumber Co. 28 is a preserved 2-8-0 steam locomotive built by Baldwin in 1917 for the United States Army, now operating on the Texas State Railroad.
Southern Poverty Law Center
Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC), Alabama-based civil rights nonprofit founded 1971 by Morris Dees and Joe Levin; known for impact litigation and hate group tracking, and in 2026 under a federal wire fraud and money laundering indictment it denies.
Southern Province, Rwanda
Southern Province (Intara y'Amajyepfo), one of Rwanda's four provinces, formed from Gitarama, Butare, and Gikongoro prefectures; capital Nyanza; 8 districts, 5,701 km2, about 3.0 million people, Governor Alice Kayitesi.
Southern Province, Sierra Leone
Southern Province is a Sierra Leone administrative division comprising the districts of Bo, Bonthe, Moyamba, and Pujehun, with Bo serving as its center.
Southern Province, Sri Lanka
Southern Province (දකුණු පළාත) is a Sri Lankan province on the island's south coast, capital Galle, with districts Galle, Matara, and Hambantota; 5,544 km², about 2.6 million people (2024), known for beaches, Galle Fort, cinnamon, and tea.
Southern Province, Zambia
Southern Province, Zambia: one of Zambia's ten provinces, third largest at 85,283 km2, capital Choma, 15 districts, 2,388,091 people (2022 census). Home to Mosi-oa-Tunya (Victoria Falls), Livingstone, Lake Kariba, maize and cattle farming, and Zambia's only coal production.
Southern question
Southern question (questione meridionale): the persistent economic and social divide between northern Italy and the former Kingdom of the Two Sicilies regions since 1860 unification, first named by Antonio Billia in 1873, central to meridionalismo and Gramsci.
Southern Railway zone
The Southern Railway zone, also known as SR zone, is a zone of Indian Railways headquartered in Chennai, formed on 14 April 1951 as the first zone after independence.
Southern rebellions of 590 (Chen loyalist revolts)
The Southern rebellions of 590 (开皇十年南方叛乱) were armed uprisings by Chen loyalists in the former Chen territory of southern China, sparked by a rumor and suppressed as consolidating Sui unification.
Southern Region
Southern Region of Malawi: one of three administrative regions, capital Blantyre, 13 districts, 44% of national population, lowest regional HDI (0.490), highest HIV prevalence and poverty, rain-fed agriculture hit by Cyclone Freddy and El Niño.
Southern Renaissance
The Southern Renaissance was the flowering of Southern American literature that began in the 1920s and produced writers including William Faulkner, Eudora Welty, and Flannery O'Connor.
Southern Rhodesia
Southern Rhodesia: British South Africa Company territory 1890–1923, then a self-governing colony with white minority rule, member of the 1953–63 Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, site of the 1965 UDI under Ian Smith, and independent Zimbabwe from 18 April 1980.
Southern Rhodesia in World War II
Southern Rhodesia in World War II covers the British colony's (now Zimbabwe) role in the Allied effort, including the Rhodesia Air Training Group, which trained 8,235 Allied aircrew.
Southern right whale
Southern right whale (Eubalaena australis), a baleen whale of the Southern Hemisphere, 43–56 ft, up to 176,000 lb. Nearly exterminated by whaling (150,000+ killed, ~300 left by 1920); now recovering but still far below pre-whaling numbers.
Southern Ring Nebula
NGC 3132, the Southern Ring Nebula or Eight-Burst Nebula, is a planetary nebula in Vela about 2,500 light-years away, thrown off by a dying star.
Southern Roadways
Southern Roadways (Southern Roadways Private Ltd.) was a Madurai-based road freight and parcel carrier of the TVS group, founded in 1946 by T.V. Sundaram Iyengar.
Southern rock
Southern rock: American rock genre fusing blues rock with country, pioneered by the Allman Brothers Band (1969, Macon) and defined by Lynyrd Skynyrd's three-guitar sound, "Free Bird," and "Sweet Home Alabama."
Southern section of the Overland Telegraph Line
The southern section of the Overland Telegraph Line was the roughly 500-mile (800 km) stretch from Port Augusta contracted to Edward Meade Bagot, completed between 1870 and 1872.
Southern Society of Decembrists
The Southern Society of Decembrists (Южное общество) was a secret society of Russian army officers in Ukraine, founded in 1821 to overthrow tsarist absolutism and abolish serfdom.
Southern strategy
Southern strategy: Republican electoral approach to win white Southern voters via race, states' rights, law and order, and anti-busing appeals; also called the GOP's 1960s-1970s Southern realignment plan tied to Nixon and Kevin Phillips.
Southern Sumatra - Western Java
Southern Sumatra - Western Java (FEOW ecoregion 739) is an Indonesian freshwater ecoregion of tropical coastal rivers draining eastern Sumatra, western Java, Bangka, and Belitung into the Sunda Strait, South China Sea, and Java Sea, with about 40 endemic fish species.
Southern Syria clashes (July–September 2025)
Southern Syria clashes (July–September 2025): Druze-Bedouin fighting in Suwayda governorate after a kidnapping; government forces and Israeli airstrikes intervened; at least 1,700 killed, ~200,000 displaced.
Southern Syria conflict (2025–present)
Southern Syria conflict (2025–present): armed sectarian conflict in Sweida (السويداء) governorate between Druze militias, Sunni Bedouin tribes, and Syria's transitional government, beginning 12–13 July 2025; over 1,700 killed, about 200,000 displaced, Israeli strikes on Damascus, and Sweida still outside government control under a US-Jordan-Syria roadmap.
Southern Tagalog
Southern Tagalog (Timog Katagalugan), designated Region IV, was a Philippine administrative region created in 1972 and described as the country's largest, divided in 2002 into CALABARZON and MIMAROPA.
Southern Tang
Southern Tang (南唐) was one of the Ten Kingdoms of tenth-century China, founded by Li Bian in 937 and known for its civil bureaucracy; the Song conquered it in 976.
Southern Tang conquest of Chu
The Southern Tang conquest of Chu (南唐灭楚) of 951 was Southern Tang's annexation of the Chu kingdom, roughly modern Hunan, which it held for under two years.