All articles A–Z

Soviet–Japanese border conflicts

Undeclared Soviet–Japanese border conflicts (日ソ国境戦争), 1932–1939: USSR and Mongolia versus Japan and Manchukuo, featuring Lake Khasan 1938 and Khalkhin Gol 1939, ending in Japan's defeat and the 1941 Neutrality Pact.

Soviet–Japanese War (Советско-японская война)

Soviet–Japanese War (Советско-японская война), or August Storm: the USSR's August 9, 1945 invasion of Manchuria, Korea, Sakhalin, and the Kurils, destroying the Kwantung Army and leading to Japan's August 15 surrender.

Soviet–Latvian Mutual Assistance Treaty

The Soviet–Latvian Mutual Assistance Treaty (Savstarpējās palīdzības pakts), signed October 5, 1939, forced Latvia to lease Soviet naval and air bases at Liepāja and Ventspils for 25,000 troops; the USSR used alleged breach of the pact to occupy Latvia in June 1940.

Soviet–Lithuanian Mutual Assistance Treaty

The Soviet–Lithuanian Mutual Assistance Treaty, signed in Moscow in 1939, transferred the Vilnius region to Lithuania in exchange for Soviet bases, a pact that restricted Lithuanian sovereignty.

Soviet–Lithuanian Peace Treaty

Soviet–Lithuanian Peace Treaty, also called the Moscow Peace Treaty (Lietuvos–Sovietų Rusijos taika), signed 12 July 1920: Soviet Russia recognized Lithuanian independence, fixed borders including Vilnius, promised 3 million gold rubles, but the secret Red Army passage annex and Poland's 1920 seizure of Vilnius undermined it.

Soviet–Somali alliance

The Soviet–Somali alliance was the Cold War partnership between the Soviet Union and Somalia, formalized by a 1974 Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation and ended in 1977.

Sovietization of the Caucasus

The Sovietization of the Caucasus was the Red Army's conquest of the independent republics of Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia in 1920 and 1921, followed by their absorption into the Soviet Union by 1922.

Sep 24, 2026

Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies

The Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies (Советы рабочих и солдатских депутатов) were elected councils of workers and soldiers that arose across Russia during the February Revolution of 1917.

Sovietskyi Raion

Sovietskyi Raion (Совєтський район, Советский район), a district in eastern Crimea's Prisivashye region, center Sovetsky settlement; 1,080 km², about 30,500 residents, 38 settlements, agriculture-based economy.

Sovintern (Совинтерн)

Sovintern (Совинтерн), the International Socialist Network "For Socialism in the 21st Century," is a political international founded in Moscow in April 2026 by Russia's A Just Russia party with eight foreign co-founders, a planned socialist social network, and pro-Kremlin positions including support for the invasion of Ukraine.

Sovleplenib

Sovleplenib (HMPL-523), HUTCHMED's oral Syk inhibitor for immune thrombocytopenia, warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and B-cell lymphoma; phase 3 durable response 48% vs 0% placebo in ITP; NDAs under priority review in China.

Sovremennik

Sovremennik (Современник, "The Contemporary") was a Russian literary and political journal founded by Alexander Pushkin in Saint Petersburg in 1836 and later led by Nikolai Nekrasov until its closure in 1866.

Sovremenny-class destroyer

The Sovremenny-class destroyer, Project 956 or Sarych, is a Soviet guided-missile destroyer for anti-surface warfare and air defense, its main weapon the SS-N-22 Sunburn missile.

Sovremennye Zapiski

Sovremennye Zapiski (Современные записки, "Contemporary Annals") was a Russian émigré literary and political journal published in Paris from 1920 to 1940, running to 70 issues.

Sovremenost

Sovremenost (Современост, "modernity" or "contemporaneity") is a Macedonian-language magazine for literature, culture, and art, published in Skopje since 1951 as the oldest Macedonian magazine in that field.

Oct 20, 2026

SOVS-CTG study

SOVS-CTG: self-obtained vaginal swabs for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae testing. Pooled sensitivity 92%, specificity 98% versus clinician-collected cervical swabs; WHO-preferred specimen for asymptomatic women.

Sowcar Janaki (సంకరమంచి జానకి)

Sowcar Janaki, also known as Sankaramanchi Janaki, was an Indian actress who worked in South Indian cinema for over seven decades. She appeared in about 400 films.

Sowei

The Sowei, also called bundu or ndoli jowei, is a carved wooden helmet mask worn by senior women of the Sande Society in Sierra Leone.

Sowei mask

The sowei mask is a carved wooden helmet mask worn by women of the Sande society during initiation ceremonies, chiefly among the Mende people of Sierra Leone.

Soweto

Soweto, from "South-Western Townships", is a township complex south-west of Johannesburg, South Africa, formed under apartheid and the largest black urban area in the country.

Soweto Poetry

Soweto poetry, also called township poetry or the New Black Poetry, is protest poetry written mostly in English by Black South Africans in the 1970s.

Soweto uprising

Soweto uprising, 16 June 1976 Soweto student revolt, also called the June 16 uprising: black secondary students marched against compulsory Afrikaans-medium schooling under Bantu Education; police opened fire, over 200 died that day, and the countrywide unrest became a turning point, commemorated as South Africa's Youth Day.

Sowing

Sowing: placing seed in soil to establish crops. Methods include broadcasting, seed drilling (Jethro Tull, 1731), precision planting, and no-till direct seeding; establishment, seed rate, and depth determine yield.

Sowmiya Anbumani

Sowmiya Anbumani (சௌமியா அன்புமணி), PMK politician, wife of Anbumani Ramadoss; runner-up in Dharmapuri Lok Sabha 2024 with 411,367 votes, later Dharmapuri MLA.

Sowol Poetry Prize

The Sowol Poetry Prize (소월시문학상) is a South Korean poetry award established in 1986 by the publisher Munhak Sasangsa to honor the poet Kim Sowol.

SOX gene family

SOX gene family (SRY-related HMG box): about 20 human genes encoding HMG-box transcription factors discovered in 1990 via Sry; they bind the DNA minor groove, act with partner factors, and drive development, stem cell identity, and disease.

SOX10

SOX10 (SRY-box transcription factor 10), gene at 22q13.1 encoding an HMG-box transcription factor for neural crest, glia, and melanocytes; mutations cause Waardenburg-Shah/PCWH, and its stain marks melanoma and nerve sheath tumors.

SOX11

SOX11 (SRY-box transcription factor 11) is a SOXC-group transcription factor on chromosome 2p25.2, essential for neural development, mutated in Coffin-Siris syndrome and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and a diagnostic marker and driver of mantle cell lymphoma.

SOX17

SOX17 (SRY-box transcription factor 17, PPH7, VUR3) is a human chromosome 8 gene encoding an HMG-box transcription factor required for definitive endoderm, heart, vessels, and hematopoiesis, and linked to pulmonary arterial hypertension.